<p>The James S. Trimble House is a historic residence in the village of Mount Gilead, Ohio, United States. The most significant house in the village, it was built in the middle of the nineteenth century, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in 1818 in Mount Vernon into one of the area&#39;s pioneer families, Trimble was a merchant in Mount Gilead, operating a shop on Main Street by 1848. Finding his wealth growing, Trimble paid less attention to his dry goods store, opening a warehouse and becoming involved in selling grain in the nearby village of Edison; as time passed, he also formed a bank.</p><br>
<p>Possessed of a large lot along Iberia Street in Mount Gilead, Trimble chose to build his house on the property in 1853. Constructed of brick, and designed by the architectural firm of Miller and Smith, it is the largest and most elaborate house in the village, due largely to its unusually high degree of preservation. Few ornate Italianate houses built before the Civil War remain in the area, and the large lot makes the house even more prominent in Mount Gilead, one of Ohio&#39;s smallest county seats. Trimble lived in the house for twenty-five years; in April 1878, his investments in other businesses proved ruinous when those businesses failed, and he was forced to sell the house in his bankruptcy. For many years after this event, it was the home of Perry Cook and his family; they sold it to another family in the 1940s, and it was purchased from that family by the local Presbyterian church in 1982.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the James S. Trimble House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Fully 4 acre of land were designated as historic, and five different buildings in this area qualified as contributing properties. Trimble&#39;s home is one of four Mount Gilead properties to have received this distinction, and one of fifteen countywide.</p><br>
<p>Rucuma is a former city and bishopric in Roman North Africa, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was among the cities of sufficient importance in the late Roman province of Africa Proconsularis to become a suffragan bishopric of its capital Carthages Metropolitan Archbishopric, yet faded so completely, plausibly at the 7th century advent of Islam, that its precisely location, now in northern Tunisia, wasnt identified precisely.</p><br>
<p>Historically recorded Diocesan bishops were :</p><br>
<p>Lucianus, attended the Council of Carthage in 256, called by Saint Cyprian on lapsi (lapsed Christians, who accepted forced pagan sacrifices to avoid martyrdom)</p><br>
<p>Maximus, who intervened at another Council of Carthage in 646, against the heresy Monothelitism.</p><br>
<h2>Titular see</h2><br>
<p>The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Titular bishopric of Rucuma (Latin=Curiate Italian) / Rucumen(sis) (Latin adjective).</p><br>
<p>It has had the following incumbents, of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :</p><br>
<p>Jean-Joseph-Léonce Villepelet (2 July 1966 - resigned 10 Dec 1970) as emeritate, previously Bishop of Nantes (France) (1936.08.20 – 1966.07.02); died 1982</p><br>
<p>Patrick Fani Chakaipa (15 Oct 1972 - 31 May 1976) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Salisbury (Zimbabwe) (1972.10.15 – 1976.05.31), next Metropolitan Archbishop of Salisbury (1976.05.31 – 1982.06.25), President of Zimbabwe Catholic Bishops’ Conference (1977 – 1984), Metropolitan Archbishop of Harare (Zimbabwe) (1982.06.25 – death 2003.04.08), President of Inter-Regional Meeting of Bishops of Southern Africa (1992 – 1995)</p><br>
<p>John Huston Ricard, Josephites (S.S.J.) (25 May 1984 - 20 Jan 1997), next Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Baltimore (Maryland, USA) (1984.05.25 – 1997.01.20), Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee, (Florida, USA) (1997.01.20 – retired 2011.03.11)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Maria Renz (29 April 1997 -...) as Auxiliary Bishop of Rottenburg–Stuttgart (Germany) (1997.04.29 –...).</p><br>
<p>The Bradenton Bank and Trust Company, built during the height of the Florida land boom and now known as the Professional Building, is a historic 7-story commercial building located at 1023 Manatee Avenue, West, just east of the Manatee County Courthouse in Bradenton, Manatee County, Florida. When the building opened on February 22, 1926, the bank occupied the ground floor and the upper floors were occupied by about 90 commercial tenants. By 1929, however, there were only 20 tenants left. The bank failed in 1933 and the ground floor became retail space and gradually the upper floors were reoccupied by doctors, dentists, lawyers and accountants and other professionals. Sharps Drug Store was a longtime occupant of the ground floor. It was the tallest commercial building in Manatee County from completion until 1986 when the 12-story Bradenton Financial Center surpassed it. Designed in the Commercial or Chicago School style of architecture with Classical Revival touches, it features the three tiers typical of the Commercial style: an ornate main floor exterior, plain middle story exteriors and a not quite as plain top floor crowned with a cornice. Today the building is owned by the law firm which occupies most of its space. The ground floor exterior has been restored to its original appearance. It is included in a walking tour of downtown Bradenton and is included in the citys master list of historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Pitkin County Courthouse is located on East Main Street  in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a large brick building erected in the late 19th century that serves as offices not just of Pitkin County&#39;s courts but its other governmental agencies, and the Aspen police. A landmark of the city, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Like many courthouses, it has a statue of Lady Justice in the front. Unlike many of the other such statues, she is depicted without a blindfold. In the late 20th and 21st centuries, as Aspen became a popular destination for wealthy and famous people, the courthouse has seen several high-profile defendants and litigants, from Ted Bundy to Charlie Sheen.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is located on the north side of the block of East Main between Galena and Hunter streets, closer to the former on the west. Across the street is an open area around St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church. A mix of commercial and residential properties and the Pitkin County Library are to the northwest and a small housing development lies to the east. is to the southeast on South Hunter. Two blocks west is another Aspen landmark, the Hotel Jerome. Aspen City Hall is a block away at South Galena and East Hopkins. The terrain slopes slightly toward the Roaring Fork River to the north.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-story brick structure on a stone foundation, raised to expose the basement.</p><br>
<p>On the 13-bay south (front) facade, the five-bay projecting entrance pavilion, itself with the center three bays projecting, is complemented by two lesser projections on the third and fourth bays from the center. Bricks are laid in stretcher bond. Stone belt courses provide sills and lintels the narrow one-over-one double-hung sash windows on the first story. Segmental arches of vertical brick, with keystones, spring from the lintels on the flanking projections.</p><br>
<p>The second-story windows are similarly treated but less restrained. All have segmental arches; the central window of the center pavilion, and the windows on the flanking ones, are combined under one larger arch with their transoms divided by the brick. Above them is a wide plain wooden frieze topped by a dentilled cornice at the roofline.</p><br>
<p>A pediment with doubled semicircular window and the same cornice treatment tops the middle three bays. Atop the other projecting sections are small solid wooden parapets with recessed panels alternating with fluting. The shallow hipped roof is pierced by two chimneys in the middle and a tall tower behind the front pavilion.</p><br>
<p>The lowest of the tower&#39;s four stages is a plain wooden section, topped with a cornice. The next two are united by a small pair of windows similar to those in the building, above a recessed panel and topped with a fanlight and pediment. On the second stage they are flanked by two wooden fluted pilasters; on the third by paneling and a spiral carving. The topmost stage is a peaked shingled roof with imitation miniature shed dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>At the entrance, stone steps rise up to a small, steeply gabled entrance projection faced in rough stone blocks. On the top is a silvery zinc statue of Lady Justice, without the blindfold common to many other depictions of her. Large wooden paneled double doors topped by an arched fanlight provide entrance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In the 1880s, Aspen went from an isolated mining camp on the far side of the Continental Divide to a city of over 10,000 people as a result of the Colorado Silver Boom. Pitkin County, named for then-Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin, was established in 1881. A small courthouse had been established at Cooper and Mill streets, but within ten years a larger one was needed. The county acquired five lots in May 1890 for a new building.</p><br>
<p>Great controversy surrounded the construction. There were accusations of corruption and favoritism. The county commissioners ignored calls to stop the project and went ahead with a design by Denver architect William Quayle. It was completed and opened early in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The statues painted silvery exterior reflects the silver mining that was the root of Aspens prosperity at that time. Why the blindfold was omitted is not known for certain. It has been humorously suggested that the commissioners, given the corruption allegations, decided Justice should be able to keep an eye on what was going on around her.</p><br>
<p>Ground was broken in July 1890, and the new courthouse was finished and opened in January 1891. It was celebrated as a major civic accomplishment. Newspapers ran long, laudatory articles; many politicians gave speeches at the dedication ceremony, and a fireman&#39;s ball was held that night.</p><br>
<h3>Later years</h3><br>
<p>When Aspen&#39;s population declined after 1893 and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, the courthouse remained functioning as the seat of government. It continued to be used and maintained as the city slipped into its "quiet years", of the early 20th century and its population dropped to less than a thousand. As skiing revived the city following World War II, it would play a role in the cultural changes Aspen underwent in the latter half of the century.</p><br>
<p>In 1961 Hunter S. Thompson, considered the founder of gonzo journalism but then unknown, came to Aspen with $2 and decided to stay, eventually settling in nearby Woody Creek. He later became famous writing articles such as "The Battle of Aspen" for Rolling Stone about the hippies and other countercultures of the era drawn to Aspen by its natural setting and their indulgence in sex and recreational drug use. In 1970 he ran unsuccessfully for county sheriff, catalyzing a growing conflict between the newer and older, more conservative residents. As part of his platform he promised to "install, on the courthouse lawn, a bastinado platform and set of stocks—in order to punish dishonest dope dealers in a proper public fashion."</p><br>
<p>Two events at the courthouse in 1977 gained national attention. The previous year singer Claudine Longet had been arrested and charged with murder after fatally shooting her boyfriend, skier Spider Sabich. She claimed it had been an accident. Her trial at the courthouse in early 1977 garnered international media attention, particularly because of the presence at the trial of celebrities who had begun making Aspen a second home. One, Jack Nicholson, a friend of Longets, sat prominently behind the defense table in the courtroom every day of the trial. She was ultimately found guilty of a misdemeanor charge of negligent homicide, and spent three weeks in jail. Many longtime residents, in addition to believing Longet had been punished too lightly, came to consider the attention drawn to Aspen by the trial, and Nicholsons presence in particular, as the beginning of Aspen&#39;s conversion from a plain, unpretentious ski town to glamorous Hollywood satellite community.</p><br>
<p>Another 1976 homicide in the area put the courthouse in the national spotlight again later in 1977. On June 7, serial killer Ted Bundy, already serving a state prison sentence in Utah for kidnapping, was taken to Aspen to be tried for the murder of Caryn Campbell outside Snowmass the previous year. A onetime law student, he had chosen to represent himself, and thus was not shackled or handcuffed. During a recess in the proceedings, he went to the courthouse&#39;s law library on the second floor, ostensibly to review a map of the area prosecutors had introduced as evidence against him. As soon as he was alone he jumped out the window, 25 ft above the ground, and fled into the mountains and wilderness around the city. His attempt to reach Crested Butte to the south failed, and he was recaptured in Aspen a week later.</p><br>
<p>Thirteen years later, another trial drew national attention. This time Thompson, who had once attempted to make the courthouse his workplace in his bid for sheriff, came to it as a defendant. Prosecutors had searched his Woody Creek home after porn-film director Gail Palmer told them he had grabbed her by the breasts after she refused to join him in a hot-tub party; they found drugs and some explosive devices. Thompson was charged with five felonies. During the months leading to the trial, Thompson&#39;s fans and supporters demonstrated outside the courthouse; late in 1990 the charges were dismissed over concerns the evidence against the journalist had been obtained through an unconstitutional search.</p><br>
<p>By 2010 the courthouse had been remodeled and upgraded. It still lacked the capacity to accommodate large crowds. In 2009 actor Charlie Sheen was charged with several felonies after allegedly holding a knife to the throat of wife Brooke Mueller on Christmas Day in their rented Aspen home. In advance of his appearances at the courthouse in summer of that year, where he eventually pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor, the city and county imposed limitations on access to the courthouse and media presence in the courtroom. Judge James Boyd issued a Decorum Order limiting attendance at the hearings to the courtrooms legal capacity of 60. The media was further limited to 20 seats, four of which were reserved for Aspens local media and the remaining 16 allocated by lottery. He specifically alluded to the building&#39;s age to justify those limitations.</p><br>
<p>The Burton Store is a historic building in Tappan, New York, located within the bounds of the Tappan Historic District. Once functioning as Tappans general store, it has been occupied since 1985 by chiropractor Lawrence Forgacs Tappan Professional Center. The Burton Store is one of two buildings in the district constructed in the Colonial Revival style, the other being the nearby Borcher&#39;s Stable, located at 2 Oak Tree Road just beyond The Old 76 House. This was the last building phase during the period of significance in the early twentieth century as recognized by the Tappan Historic District. It is located adjacent to The Old 76 House and across the street from The Manse Barn. The Burton Store is described by Alicia A. Jettner in the National Register of Historic Places as follows:</p><br>
<p>"This is a large one-story flat-roofed building with narrow clapboard siding and details in the Colonial Revival mode. Glazed double doors are flanked by large transom and side lights. On both sides of the entrance are paired store windows with panels below. The dropped cornice has a denticulated frieze with triglyphs similar to those of the mid-1830 buildings in the district. It was originally called "The Apartment House" and stood approximately one block west of its present location. It was moved in the early 1920s and became the grocery store of Burton & Sons. It had restoration work done in 1982-1983. There is a large, contributing one story clapboard-sided shed, which stands to the south of this building. It is almost the same length as the Burton Store and one room deep. This building appears to date to an earlier period than the Burton Store and was probably on the property prior to the move of the store to this lot."</p><br>
<p>Tell al-Marj is a prehistoric, Neolithic Tell, about 5 hectare in size, located between Krak des Chevaliers and Homs, near the village of Tell es Safa in Syria.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The site was discovered in 2006 through surface finds by a combined project that commenced in 2004 as a partnership of the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory, Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums in Syria, the Mila and Fontanals Institution of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (Barcelona) and the International Institute for Prehistoric Research in the University of Cantabria (Santander). Scientific direction was carried out jointly by Dr. Michel Al-Maqdisi (Directorate of Antiquities and Museums of Syria), Dr. Maya Haïdar Boustani (Museum Lebanese Prehistory, LSU) and Dr. Juan José Ibañez (Mila and Fontanals Institution).</p><br>
<p>The site was geophysically surveyed in June 2008 uaing tomography to measure electrical resistance of the earth. Four areas were excavated based on the ground survey and traces of a basalt wall. Four stratigraphic levels were identified and a straight stone wall was discovered. Level 1 contained sediments composed of sands and dark clay with a large amount of organic material suggesting agriculture. Level II was more compacted and suggests more intensive agriculture. Level III contained a proportion of white gravel with dark clay with level IV&#39;s having lighter clay. Three walls were found with large stone blocks averaging between 40 and 80 cm in width.</p><br>
<h2>Materials recovered</h2><br>
<p>A few sherds of fine pottery were found including red, black, glossy black (Dark Faced Burnished Ware, brown, beige, red outside and black inside, black outside and red inside. Forms include globular jars, high collar and straight cut containers. Some sherds show incised lines and had strong parallels to other neolithic sites on the Levantine coast suuch as Ras Shamra and Byblos. Other finds included a clay seal with a perforation and suspension on the reverse. It is stamped with a geometric design of a grid on the front. A small bull head figurine was found 40mm in length and 30mm in width. Two stone basalt fragments and a fragment of a limestone plaque were found. Personal decoration was limited to a single blue stone with a thin central perforation and two incisions measuring 6mm long. Flints found were in light beige, dark beige, honey, dark gray and translucent gray with a good state of preservation. Patina alterations and desilication were evident. Arrowheads found were matched with Amuq points and Byblos points.</p><br>
<h2>Agriculture and animal husbandry</h2><br>
<p>Many animal remains were found, especially mammals, noted by the presence of teeth and antlers. Turtles and likely birds were also found to be sources of food. Several sediment samples were sieved and floated to collect possible remnants of micro and macro-remains of vegetation. Along with charcoal from the site, this has been preserved for analysis.</p><br>
<p>The tell showed numerous materials similar to those of Byblos and highlights the total absence of material dating after the middle of the neolithic. Well built permanent structures suggest land tenure and conservation.</p><br>
<p>The Central Court Historic District is a historic district and neighborhood of the city of Indianapolis in northern Center Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. Built around Central Court near the intersection of Thirty-sixth Street and Central Avenue, the neighborhood consists of seventy-five buildings over an area of 7.6 acre.</p><br>
<p>Central Court was platted in 1916 by Oscar A. Jose and Peter J. Balz, local real estate developers who also created such neighborhoods as Meridian Park to the southwest and the neighborhood lining Fall Creek Parkway between Thirty-eighth and Thirtieth Streets. They employed a range of architectural styles for the houses in the neighborhood, including American Craftsman, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, and Prairie School. Many designs were used multiple times in the neighborhood, which has been recognized as one of the area&#39;s better examples of early twentieth-century residential architecture. They built forty-seven houses around the U-shaped Central Court and along Thirty-sixth Street and Central Avenue; seven face Central Avenue, ten face Thirty-sixth Street, and thirty face Central Court.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, Central Court was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is by far the smallest historic district in its portion of the city, being dwarfed by areas such as Meridian Park a short distance to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Johnsons Woods is a historic district and neighborhood on the northern side of Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Located in southern Washington Township, the district occupies the site of what was once the family farm of Oliver Johnson. Born on the present site of the Indiana State Fairgrounds, Johnson grew up in a pioneer family that lived on the edge of the state capital city. Upon attaining adulthood, he bought property a short distance to the west, and he tilled the soil for most of the rest of his life. As Indianapolis grew northward, it reached the Johnson farm in the early twentieth century; the aged farmer and his sons saw the citys growth as an opportunity for financial gain, and in 1905 they announced the platting of 0.25 square miles of their property into individual lots.</p><br>
<p>Houses in the district generally feature architectural styles that were popular in the early twentieth century, such as the Colonial Revival, the Tudor Revival, the Arts and Crafts, the American Foursquare, and the Prairie School. Many of the district&#39;s Colonial Revival houses were constructed by William F. Nelson, who acted both as architect and as general contractor for these projects. Standing out from all other houses in the district is the original Johnson farmhouse; now known as the Johnson-Denny House, it originally faced Central Avenue, but its new owner relocated it to face Park Avenue while the surrounding land was being developed in 1919. Other buildings were once located around the house, but they have not survived.</p><br>
<p>Today, Oliver Johnsons Woods is surrounded by the Meridian-Kessler neighborhood, and it remains the wooded middle-class neighborhood that it was originally planned to be. In 1979, the Johnson-Denny House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it was seen as eligible because of its place in local history and because of its well-preserved historic architecture. Twenty-five years later, all of Oliver Johnsons Woods was designated a historic district and added to the Register because of its architecture and local historical importance. The area designated as historic encompasses approximately 40 acre; ninety-two different buildings within this zone qualified as contributing properties. Ninety of these buildings are houses; a 1999 historic preservation survey conducted by Indiana Landmarks ranked four of them as "outstanding," seventeen as "notable," and the other sixty-nine simply as "contributing."</p><br>
<p>Buena Vista Lagoon is a coastal inlet of the Pacific Ocean in the South Coast region of Southern California within North County, San Diego County.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon covers 223 acres of wetland habitat and serves as a geographic border between Carlsbad and Oceanside. Buena Vista Lagoon is managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The lagoon is home to the Buena Vista Audubon Society Nature Center, and is California&#39;s first Ecological Reserve. Two non-profit organizations are committed to the preservation and management of the lagoon: the Buena Vista Audubon Society and the Buena Vista Lagoon Foundation</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The lagoon harbors at least 103 bird species, 18 mammals, and 14 amphibians and reptiles. Buena Vista also serves as a valuable wetland habitat for migrating bird species during the fall months.</p><br>
<p>The Vlčí hora  is one of the most prominent peaks in the lowlands of the Šluknov Hook  in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Vlčí hora is located in the Šluknov Hook, six kilometres west of Rumburk immediately on the edge of the forest and rock landscape of the Bohemian Switzerland. At its foot are the municipalities of Staré Křečany (Alt Ehrenberg) with the village of Brtníky (Zeidler), and Krásná Lípa (Schönlinde) with its villages of Sněžná (Schnauhübel), Vlčí Hora (Wolfsberg) and Zahrady (Gärten). The summit is crowned by an old mountain hut with an observation tower. At the eastern foot of the mountain is the Veronica Well (Veronikabrunnen or Verunčina studánka).</p><br>
<p>Immediately north of the mountain is the source region of the River Mandau.</p><br>
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<p>Morral de Cabrafeixet is one of the highest mountains of the Cardó Massif, Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, Catalonia, Spain. Its NW side has an impressive escarpment visible from Highway N-340 approaching El Perelló from the north. This mountain has an elevation of 753 metres above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Balma de Cabrafeixet is a prehistoric site with cave paintings located right below the Morral de Cabrafeixet escarpment. The entrance to the cave has been closed with an iron bar door to prevent vandalism. Wild flowers and butterflies are abundant in this lonely, uninhabited area.</p><br>
<h2>Getting there</h2><br>
<p>One should take the road from El Perelló to Rasquera. After 7 km turn left at a sign saying Pintures rupestres. Take right after 2 km (unpaved road). At the T-junction, the road to the left leads to the Cabrafeixet cave and to a kind of cirque with an impressive sight of Buinaca. The road to the right leads up to the base of the Cabrafeixet escarpment and further on to breathtaking sights of other jagged peaks and valleys.</p><br>
<p>The Sessions House is a courthouse in Preston, Lancashire, England and is a Grade II* listed building. Built between 1900 and 1903 as a venue for the Quarter Sessions and Assizes it is still in use as a courthouse as well as being used as administrative offices for Her Majesty&#39;s Courts and Tribunals Service .</p><br>
<p>Designed by Manchester architect, Henry Littler, in the Edwardian Baroque and constructed of sandstone, the building has three floors topped with a tower. The tower makes Sessions House one of the tallest buildings in Preston rising to 54.7 m. Situated on Lancaster Road, the main facade is on Harris Street facing the Harris Museum, the facade contains the most elaborate stonework.</p><br>
<p>Internally there are two courtrooms on the first floor that are used daily by Preston Crown Court together with a third smaller courtroom on the ground floor used by Preston County Court. The HMCTS Area Directors office for Lancashire and Cumbria is also situated in the building.</p><br>
<p>Lake Garfield is a 262-acre lake located about a half mile north of the center of Monterey off Route 23 in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>At the furthest western point of the lake near Tyringham Road, a public boat ramp and parking lot can be found. The town of Monterey makes these amenities unavailable during the period of June 15 through September 6 because of swimming season.</p><br>
<p>A 1979 survey recorded a total of 12 species of fish inside Lake Garfield: smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, pumpkinseed, yellow perch, chain pickerel, rainbow trout, golden shiner, brown bullhead, bluegill, white sucker, rock bass and white perch. Lake Garfield is a popular fishing site for rainbow trout during spring. Due to the dominant yellow and white perch population, gamefish are usually below average size and abundance although a good bass or pickerel may occasionally be produced by the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Garfield was named for a local family.</p><br>
<p>The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin  is a fortress in Nizhny Novgorod, the historic city center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first attempt to replace the wooden fort with a stone Kremlin was recorded in 1374, but construction was limited to a single tower, known as the Dmitrovskaya Tower (this has not survived). Under the rule of Ivan III, Nizhny Novgorod played the role of a guard city, having a permanent garrison; it served as a place for gathering troops for Moscow&#39;s actions against the Khanate of Kazan.</p><br>
<p>In order to strengthen the defenses of the city, construction works on the walls began again.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the stone Kremlin of Nizhny Novgorod began in 1500 with the building of the Ivanovskaya Tower; the main work commenced in 1508 and by 1515 a grandiose building was completed. The oak walls that formed the old fortifications were destroyed by a huge fire in 1513.</p><br>
<p>The two kilometer wall was reinforced by 13 towers (one of them - Zachatskaya - was on the shore of the Volga; not preserved, but was rebuilt in 2012). This "Stone City" had a permanent garrison with solid artillery weapons.</p><br>
<p>With the fall of Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin lost its military significance, and later it housed the city and provincial authorities.</p><br>
<p>The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR issued an order on January 30, 1949 for the restoration of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.</p><br>
<h2>Towers</h2><br>
<p>The following 13 towers survive. Counter clockwise:</p><br>
<p>Georgievskaya Tower (lit=St. George Tower)</p><br>
<p>Borisoglebskaya Tower (lit=Tower of St. Boris and Gleb) destroyed by a landslide in the 18th century; rebuilt in 1972)</p><br>
<p>Zachatskaya Tower (lit=Conteption Tower) destroyed by a landslide in the 18th century; rebuilt in 2012)</p><br>
<p>Belaya Tower (lit=White Tower)</p><br>
<p>Ivanovskaya Tower (lit=St. John&#39;s Tower)</p><br>
<p>Chasovaya Tower (lit=Clock Tower)</p><br>
<p>Severnaya Tower (lit=Northern Tower)</p><br>
<p>Taynitskaya Tower (lit=Secret Tower)</p><br>
<p>Koromyslova Tower (lit=Yoke Tower)</p><br>
<p>Nikolskaya Tower (lit=St. Nicholas Tower)</p><br>
<p>Kladovaya Tower (lit=Pantry Tower)</p><br>
<p>Dmitrovskaya Tower (lit=Demetrius Tower)</p><br>
<p>Porokhovaya Tower (lit=Powder Tower)</p><br>
<h2>Other buildings and constructions</h2><br>
<p>The Kremlin contained many churches, but the only survivor is the Michael the Archangel Cathedral (the Archangel Cathedral), built no later than the middle of the 16th century and rebuilt in 1628-1631. It is the oldest surviving building in the Kremlin. The cathedral contains the tomb of Kuzma Minin.</p><br>
<p>In 1828, an obelisk in honor of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky was constructed in front of the Archangel Cathedral (architect Melnikov and Martos).</p><br>
<p>The house of the military governor was built in 1837-1841; it is now the Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>The Arsenal was built in 1840-1843 at the direction of Nicholas I.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the Transfiguration Cathedral was replaced by the House of Soviets; that building is now the City Council building.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, a memorial complex in honor of Nizhny Novgorod citizens who died in World War II was created, near the obelisk of Minin and Pozharsky; this included an Eternal Flame.</p><br>
<p>Mount Betarim is one of the peaks of Mount Dov . According to one Jewish tradition this is the site of The covenant of the pieces between Abraham and God. According to Muslim tradition, this is the site in which an event occurred, which is described in the Quran, where God commanded Abraham to sacrifice four species of birds, and afterwards resurrected them. Therefore, it was called in Arabic "Mashhad A-Tir al-Ibrahim"  meaning "The sacred site of Abrahams birds" or "Makam Ibrahim Al-Khalil"</p><br>
<p>(مقام إبراهيم الخليل) meaning "The sacred site of Abraham, God&#39;s friend".</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The site contains remains of an ancient settlement, which includes the agricultural steps and pottery from the Hellenistic period and from the Byzantine period. The site also includes two water reservoirs and five grave structures.</p><br>
<p>The Winterstein, also called the Hinteres Raubschloss, is an isolated, elongated rock massif in the hinterland of Saxon Switzerland in East Germany. On the summit there was once a medieval castle, also called Winterstein, of which remains such as rebates for timber beams, hewn-out steps and cisterns are still visible.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Winterstein is located in the almost unpopulated hinterland of Saxon Switzerland above the dry valley of the Großer Zschand with the crags of the Bärfangwänden in front of it. A few kilometres to the east along the Großer Zschand is the Zeughaus ("armoury"). West of the Winterstein runs the Kleiner Zschand valley, overshadowed by the massif of the Großer Winterberg. Immediately in front of the rock massif to the south is the free-standing climbing pinnacle of Wintersteinwächter.</p><br>
<p>The Hanging Flume was an open water chute  built over the Dolores River Canyon in Colorado. The Montrose Placer Mining Company built the flume in the 1880s to facilitate gold mining. Some sections of the flume remain attached to the canyon wall, although much of the wood has vanished.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The Montrose Placer Mining Company was formed to mine gold from placer deposits along the Dolores River. Hydraulic mining, a popular method of exploiting placer deposits, required water to be efficiently transported, often using wooden flumes to maintain the necessary volume and pressure. Cliffside flumes were developed in California, using trestles and brackets (called bents) at regular intervals to support the flume box.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the Hanging Flume took three years, beginning in 1887. Approximately 24 workers participated in the build, suspended from ropes onto the cliff face. A derrick may also have been used. The construction used 1.8 million board feet of lumber and ended up with a total cost over $100,000. The timber used was mostly Ponderosa pine, a local tree, and it was supported using iron rods. The completed flume was approximately 12 mi long and up to 75 ft above the river. It began on a dam on the San Miguel River above Uravan, Colorado. The flume&#39;s opening (the headgate) no longer exists, and the connecting ditch has been filled.</p><br>
<p>The actual wooden flume was 6 feet wide and 4 feet deep. When in use, it conveyed 80,000,000 gallons of water each day.</p><br>
<p>The flume was only used for three years before being abandoned. The reason was that the mine itself was closed after the discovery that most of the gold was unrecoverable, and the investors in the project only made $80,000 after investing over $1,000,000 into the mine and associated engineering works. After the closure of the mine, local residents reused the timber.</p><br>
<h2>Research and conservation</h2><br>
<p>The Hanging Flume is in poor condition: it has been vandalized in places, some of its wood has been removed, and what remains has deteriorated, particularly where directly exposed to weather. The pine wood is vulnerable to decay and fungi. In April 2004, structural engineers rappelled down to the structure at seven locations to measure and evaluate it. They examined the design of the structure, particularly the bents, of which they identified five distinct types. This preliminary analysis is being used to consider a reconstruction of the flume incorporating the remaining structural elements.</p><br>
<p>The Moody Barn is a round barn in Chisago Lake Township, Chisago County, Minnesota, United States. The farm was first homesteaded in 1871 by Elof and Eva Modig, who emigrated from Sweden. The couple raised five children and grew wheat on their farm, as was common in the 1870s. By the 1890s Minnesota farming had begun to diversify, with cheese and butter production becoming popular and distributed by cooperative creameries. In 1915 Charles Moody, one of the sons, decided to build a modern round barn.</p><br>
<p>The barn is 56 ft in diameter and about the same in height. The interior contains a 42 ft silo. The first floor of the barn housed milk cows and their calves, while the second floor was used to store hay. Instead of the traditional red and white paint, the Moody barn was painted in a blue-gray color. The construction cost was $3200, with seven men paid $1 per day plus meals for the construction.</p><br>
<p>The accompanying farm house was moved from the west side of the road to the east side in 2004. The barn and farm house are now owned by the Chisago Lakes Township and managed by the Chisago County Historical Society. The barn has been repainted and reshingled, and is situated in the 25 acre Moody Lake Park. The barn is the last remaining round barn in Chisago County.</p><br>
<p>Somov Sea was a proposed name for part of the Southern Ocean. It would be located north of the easternmost part of the Antarctic subcontinent East Antarctica, north of Oates Coast, Victoria Land, and of George V Coast, between 150° and 170° East. West of it would be the D&#39;Urville Sea. East of Cape Adare, at 170°14&#39; East, is the Ross Sea.</p><br>
<p>The name was first proposed by the Russians for the 2002 International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) draft. This draft was never approved by the IHO (or any other organization), and the 1953 IHO document (which does not contain the name) remains currently in force. Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use the name, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the United States&#39; National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the British Times Atlas of the World. But Soviet and Russian-issued map do.</p><br>
<p>The Somov Sea would have an area of 1,150,000 km² and be up to 3000 meters deep.</p><br>
<p>The Balleny Islands are 240 km north of the mainland coast here.</p><br>
<p>The Somov Sea would be named in honor of Russian oceanologist and polar explorer Mikhail Somov (1908-1973), who between 1955 and 1957 was the commander of the first Soviet Antarctic Expedition.</p><br>
<p>Presidio San Antonio de Béxar was a Spanish fort built near the San Antonio River, located in what is now San Antonio, Texas, in the United States. It was designed for protection of the mission system and civil settlement in central Texas. It also served to secure Spain&#39;s claim to the region from French, English and American aggression. It was built by Franciscan priest Antonio de Olivares and the Payaya; and along with the Misión de San Antonio de Valero  and the Acequia Madre de Valero, is the origin of the present city of San Antonio, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>From the Convent of Querétaro, several expeditions were organized to the region of Texas, an area of great strategic importance to the Spanish crown. With that goal in 1675, an expedition formed by Fray Antonio de Olivares, Fray Francisco Hidalgo, Fray Juan Larios, and Fernando del Bosque was sent to explore and describe the country beyond the borders of Rio Grande, to test the possibilities of new settlements in the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1709, Olivares participated in the expedition headed by Pedro de Aguirre, together with Fray Isidro de Espinosa, exploring the territory between the present-day location of the city of San Antonio and the Colorado River. The same year he traveled to Spain to convince the authorities of the importance of maintaining the territory and establishing new missions on the bank of the San Antonio River. The authorities said "yes"remained in Spain six years (until 1715).</p><br>
<p>In 1716, Fray Antonio de Olivares wrote to the Viceroy of New Spain, telling of their hopes and plans for the future mission, and urged him to send families of settlers to found a town. In the same letter, he stressed that it was necessary for some of these families to be skilled in the useful arts and industries, "to teach the Indians all that should be required to be useful and capable citizens."</p><br>
<p>Finally, Fray Antonio&#39;s perseverance paid off, and the Viceroyalty gave formal approval for the missions in late 1716, assigning responsibility for their establishment to Martín de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila y Tejas.</p><br>
<p>Fray Antonio de Olivares was organizing the construction of the new mission San Antonio de Valero, from the next Mission San Francisco Solano. He also built the first irrigation ditch of Texas (Acequia Madre de Valero), 6 miles long, in order to irrigate 400 hectares of land and to supply water to the inhabitants of the new facilities being built.</p><br>
<p>The operating complex was completed with the construction of the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, on the west side of the San Antonio River, approximately one-half mile from the mission. It was designed to protect the system of missions and civilian settlements in central Texas and to ensure the representation of Spain in the region of the aggression of French, British and Americans. The presidio consisted of an adobe building, thatched with grass, with soldiers and their families quartered in brush huts. As settlers concentrated around the presidio complex and mission, it began to form the town of Béjar or Béxar, which became the cornerstone of Spanish Tejas or Texas. Being located in the center of several operating systems, mission Béxar suffered not the needs and anxieties of other presidios. Despite occasional Indian attacks, the defenses of the presidio walls were never completed or were deemed necessary, as the mission was partially completed and later converted into the main unit of walled defense.</p><br>
<p>On May 5, the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar was founded on the west side of the San Antonio River, marking the origin of the present city of San Antonio Texas. The event was chaired by Martin de Alarcón, settling around 30 families in the surrounding area. On February 14, 1719, the Marquess of San Miguel de Aguayo made a report to the king of Spain proposing that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Habana to populate the province of Texas. In June 1730, 25 families come to Cuba, and 10 families were sent to Veracruz. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group in Veracruz marched overland to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, arriving on March 9, 1731. The group joined the military community resident since 1718, forming the first government of the city and taking as headquarters building Presidio of San Antonio de Béxar.</p><br>
<p>In 1726, there were 45 soldiers in the fort and 4 families lived nearby, 9 soldiers were spread between the missions and the total civilian population was 200 people. Soldiers quarters and the Spanish Governors Palace were completed in 1749 to house the commanding officer of the Spanish military garrison. The location became known as the Plaza de Armas. In 1763, there were 22 soldiers in the presidio, entrusted to defend all five nearby missions. The soldiers at times were used as escorts, and to prevent cattle rustling and smuggling. In 1772, other forts in the area were closed; Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, however, was left open and became the principal defensive in Texas, with a command of 80 soldiers. Béxar was made the capital of Texas and the captain of the presidio served as governor of the region. In 1790, plans were made to renovate the fort, but were never realized.</p><br>
<p>In 1803, 100 men from the Second Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras (Álamo de Parras) were sent to reinforce the presidio, from Parras de la Fuente in southern Coahuila. Under the jurisdiction of the clergy of the Villa de San Fernando de Béxar and the Bishop of Nuevo León, they occupied the presidio Plaza de Armas (military Plaza) and the secularized mission of San Antonio de Valero.</p><br>
<p>Although stockade walls were begun in 1805 on the north side of the city, a fort was no longer believed necessary. By 1806 all the troops had moved into the former Alamo Mission, by then a fort.</p><br>
<p>In 1811, retired militia officer, Juan Bautista de las Casas, persuaded the presidio soldiers to rebel against its Spanish officers. Later, support for the Royalist officers was established once again, and the soldiers joined the army under Manuel María de Salcedo and fought against the Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition in 1813.</p><br>
<p>In 1825, Erasmo Seguín was appointed quartermaster of San Antonio, a position he held for a decade. During the Mexican and Texan wars of independence, the presidio garrison actively participated in numerous military engagements.</p><br>
<p>In 1835 Domingo de Ugartechea, the commandant of the now-former Mexican state of Coahuila y Texas, was headquartered at the presidio, during the Texas Revolution. After the siege and Battle of Béxar and the expulsion of Mexican troops from Texas in December 1835, Texian Colonel James C. Neill briefly commanded Béxar and the Alamo. The town and the Alamo fort were recaptured by the Mexican army at the Battle of the Alamo in March 1836 and the Mexican garrison was temporarily reinstated. The presidio officially ceased to exist when the Mexican Army acknowledged Texas independence and presented their formal surrender in San Antonio on June 4, 1836, to Béxar Military Chief Juan Seguin.</p><br>
<p>The Rosenwald Building is a historic building in downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. Designed by Henry Trost of the El Paso firm of Trost & Trost and built in 1910, it was the first reinforced concrete building in the city. It is a massive three-story building with a two-story recessed entrance and simple geometric ornamentation. The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Originally the entire 42,000-square-foot building was occupied by Aron and Edward Rosenwald&#39;s flagship department store, which was praised by the Albuquerque Journal as "the handsomest, most up-to-date, and most complete department store in the southwest" upon opening. McLellan Stores moved into the ground floor in 1927, remaining there for about 50 years. The Rosenwald Building was renovated in 1981 and the upper floors were converted to office space. The city of Albuquerque bought two floors of the building in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Yatsu-higata is a tidal flat in Narashino, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, 2 km from Tokyo Bay. Once a part of the largest tidal flats in Japan, much of the area has been reclaimed. Forty hectares of wetland were designated a Ramsar Site in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>*From KEISEI LINE Station Yatsu.</p><br>
<p>25 minutes walk toward the South. Walk through the shopping road and along the periphery of the tidal flat.</p><br>
<p>*From JR KEIYO LINE Station Minami Funabashi.</p><br>
<p>20 minutes walk toward the East. Walk through the pedestrian bridge ROUTE 357 and along the periphery of the tidal flat.</p><br>
<p>*From JR SOUBU LINE Station Tsudanuma.</p><br>
<p>Bus (No. 10) to "Tsudanuma Koukou". 10 min. walk toward the West.</p><br>
<p>Bus (No. 9) to "Yatsu Higata" (Terminal stop) 15 min. walk toward the South.</p><br>
<p>*By Car</p><br>
<p>Parking lot accommodates 100 cars.</p><br>
<p>VIA ROUTE 357 from the West (from Tokyo to Chiba)</p><br>
<p>Pass the intersection Wakamatsu. Parking gate on the left after 1 km.</p><br>
<p>In the case of highway leave at the interchange (Wangan Chiba).</p><br>
<p>Satohama Shell Midden is a Jōmon period archaeological site consisting of a shell midden and the remains of an adjacent settlement located in what is now the city of Higashimatsushima, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>The rocky ria coast of Miyagi Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. Some 59 shell middens have been found around Matsushima Bay alone, of which the Satohama site is one of the largest.</p><br>
<p>The shell midden extends for approximately 800 meters east-west by 200 meters north-south, and is up to six meter deep in places, indicating use for over several thousand years. In addition to vast numbers of shells, the mound included chestnut, acorns, and the bones of deer, wild boar and numerous species of birds.</p><br>
<p>There were 293 manufactured items of bone, 91 of shell, 168 of stone, and 38 of earthenware found during excavations. These were designated an Important Cultural Property in 2000. Finds from the site are exhibited at the Historical Museum of Jomon Village OkuMatsushima.</p><br>
<p>Fujimae-higata is a tidal flat beside the Port of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A campaign to stop further development has made Fujimae a symbol of the wetland conservation movement in Japan. Once celebrated in the Man&#39;yōshū, the remaining 323 ha of wetlands have been designated a Ramsar Site.</p><br>
<h2>Wetlands</h2><br>
<p>The tidal flat is at the mouths of the Shōnai, Shinkawa, and Nikkō Rivers by the Port of Nagoya. Land reclamation projects started during the Edo period and continued until the 1980s. A plan announced in 1981 to use the Fujimae tidal flat as a waste disposal site was finally abandoned after a long campaign in 1999. Due to greater awareness of their function, there are now moves to return reclaimed flats to their original state.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The great cormorant, spot-billed duck, and osprey are common throughout the year. The flat is also visited by a number of migratory birds, including the Eurasian curlew, bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, northern pintail, little tern, and greater scaup. Some 172 bird species have been observed in the area in recent years. Eleven thousand shorebirds and a total of thirty-one thousand waterbirds were recorded in March 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Man'yōshū</h2><br>
<p>In the third volume of the Man&#39;yōshū there is a poem by Takechi Kurohito: "The cry of the crane, calling to Sakurada; it sounds like the tide, draining from Ayuchi flats, hearing the crane cry". Ayuchi is the original form of Aichi, and the Fujimae tidal flat is all that remains of the earlier Ayuchi-gata.</p><br>
<p>Keri  is a 3.1 hectare Estonian island in the Gulf of Finland. It is located about 6 km north of the island Prangli, and is one of the northernmost islands of Estonia. Keri is the site of the notable Keri Lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>Keri was first mentioned in 1623. Keri has long been situated by important sea routes. Therefore, in 1719 a lighthouse was erected there on the order of Peter the Great. The present lighthouse was built in 1803. During a well drilling in 1902 natural gas was discovered. From 1906 to 1912 the gas was used to power the lighthouse and heat the other buildings on the island. During that time it was the only lighthouse in the world to be powered by natural gas. In 1912 after a seismic impulse the gas flow stopped. The island has been inhabited only by the families of the lighthouse keepers. The last keeper left the island in September 2002. Since then the lighthouse operates automatically; the power is derived from a wind turbine and solar panels.</p><br>
<p>On June 14,1940 the Finnish civilian airplane Kaleva was shot down by two Soviet Ilyushin DB-3 bombers near the island. In June 14, 1993 a monument to commemorate the 9 victims was erected on Keri.</p><br>
<p>There is an operational sauna on the island.</p><br>
<p>Administratively the island belongs to the Kelnase village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County.</p><br>
<p>Kaleva huku mälestusmärk Keri saarel.JPGKaleva memorial</p><br>
<p>Puhtu  is a former islet and since the beginning of the 19th century a peninsula in western Estonia. Administratively it belongs to Virtsu small borough in Hanila Parish, Lääne County.</p><br>
<p>Puhtu is covered by a speciose old broadleaf forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Puhtulaid (Holm Puchten, Holm zum Pucht) was first mentioned in 1478 when it belonged to the von Uexküll family. The first buildings were erected in the 18th century by the owner of Vana-Virtsu Manor, Carl Thure von Helwig. He designed Puhtu as a private resort with three Chinese-styled houses and alleys surrounded by hewn sculptures.</p><br>
<p>In 1813 Carl Thure von Helwigs widow Wilhelmine von Helwig ordered a memorial stone to a family friend, world-famous German poet Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805). Its reputedly the earliest extant monument to Schiller in the world. During the World War II the monument was heavily damaged but was restored by Paul Horma in 1958.</p><br>
<p>In 1857 a cattle manor building (now known as the Count&#39;s House) and a stable were built on Puhtu, both are extant today.</p><br>
<p>In the 19tc century the island was connected to the continent by building a road with a bridge to Virtsu.</p><br>
<p>During the World War I Puhtu was used as a seaplane base by Russians. The soldiers and officers lived in the Puhtulaid&#39;s summerhouses. While retreating, all the summerhouses were demolished and the von Helwig family graves were plundered.</p><br>
<p>Puhtu was acquired by the professor of University of Hamburg biologist Jakob von Uexküll in 1927. 1929–1939 he spent nearly every summer some time in Puhtu. In the 1930s he built a new summerhouse on the southern end of the peninsula. In 1934 Jakob von Uexküll invited Count Alexander Keyserlingk, an amateur ornithologist as the guardian of Puhtu; he lived there until 1939.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 Puhtulaid and Adralaiud were taken under natural protection</p><br>
<p>After the World War II Puhtu was given to Tartu State University but shortly after that to Estonian Academy of Sciences. The latter opened an ornithological station headed by Eerik Kumari on Puhtu.</p><br>
<p>Besides the main building (Barons House, summerhouse built by Jakob von Uexküll in the 1930s) the station consists of a laboratory and a birdwatching tower (built in the 1960s) and a guardian house (Counts House, the cattle manor building from 1857, used by Alexander Keyserlingk).</p><br>
<p>Since 1995 Puhtu belongs to the Matsalu National Park and from 1997 the station operates under the Estonian University of Life Sciences.</p><br>
<p>Bispegården  in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the residence and office of the Bishop of Copenhagen. It is located across the street from Copenhagen Cathedral and Frue Plads, on the corner of Nørregade and Studiestræde, in the city centre. Bispetorv, the small square next to it, is named after the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-Reformation situation</h3><br>
<p>The Bishops House stands on the site where Copenhagens second city hall was built in about 1400. It was a four-winged building in Gothic style. In 1479, a new city hall was completed on nearby Gammeltorv and the old building was taken over by the University of Copenhagen which was founded the same year by King Christian I with the approval of Pope Sixtus IV.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the Roman-Catholic Bishop of Roskilde had his bishops palace on Vor Frue Plads on the other side of the street, where it had been built after Bishop Henrik Gertsen gave up Absalons Castle on Slotsholmen to King Valdemar IV in 1350.</p><br>
<h3>After the Reformation</h3><br>
<p>After the Reformation, the new Lutheran Bishop of Zealand was given the universitys building, while the university relocated to the dethroned Catholic bishops palace. Still Roskilde Cathedral remained the seat of the new Lutheran diocese, as it had been for its Catholic predecessor.</p><br>
<h3>After the Great Fire of 1728</h3><br>
<p>The Bishop&#39;s House was destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1728 but rebuilt from 1731 to 1732, on the same site but smaller and to a new design by Lars Erichsen, a master builder, who also worked for the university.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, the building underwent a comprehensive renovation and alteration under the architect Martin Nyrop, known for designing the new Copenhagen City Hall completed in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and decorations</h2><br>
<p>The Bishop&#39;s House consists of two wings and is built in warm red brick with a black tile roof. The building has timberframing toward the yard.</p><br>
<p>A bay window on the facade toward Studiestræde was added by Nyrop in the 1896 renovation. Below the window, there is a plaque, also designed and written by Nyrop, which commemorates the long history and former uses of the site: It reads:</p><br>
<p>Helt rædsomt man med mig i Tiden monne raade:</p><br>
<p>Som Raadhus først jeg stod vor By til Gavn og Baade. 1479.</p><br>
<p>Saa var jeg Studiegaard, men blev, da her i Landet Guds rene Ord fik Løb, til Bispegaard omdannet. 1537.</p><br>
<p>Det har jeg siden da igiennem Sekler været, skiønt Ild mig hærget har og Ild har paa mig tæret. 1728.</p><br>
<p>Nu er i stand jeg sat, Gud lad mig længe staa og skærm i Naade dem, som Bolig i mig faa. 1896</p><br>
<p>The seal and motto of Peder Palladius, the first Protestant bishop to reside in the property, is placed above the gate.</p><br>
<p>Bishop Friedrich Münter&#39;s collection of cultural artifacts is displayed in the gate and vestibule.</p><br>
<p>Imuta-ike is a freshwater caldera lake in Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It forms part of Imutaike Prefectural Natural Park. Its plant communities were designated a Natural Monument of Japan in 1921 and sixty hectares of wetlands were designated a Ramsar Site in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Imuta-ike is surrounded by mountains; Funamidake (498.8 m), San-o-dake (491 m), Katagi-yama (508.8 m), Tōmigashiro (477 m), Ī-moriyama (432 m, known due to its beauty also as Imuta-fuji), and there is no incoming large river. The outgoing water flows into Sendai River and Hiwagi River. Imuta-ike is in the last stage of the lake-pond formation cycle and is shrinking with the deposition of sediment. The colour of the pond is brown, 14 on the Forel-Ule scale, and its pH is 6.8; the water of the pond contains organic substances. There are many cherry trees around the pond. About one third of its area, to the northwest, is wetland; dotted by floating islands composed of peat. This is very rare in warm areas and the pond was designated a Natural Monument as the "peat forming vegetation of Imuta-ike" in 1921.</p><br>
<h2>Biota</h2><br>
<p>On the surface of the pond, phragmites and wild rice grow thick and in the water, there are brasenia, nymphaea tetragona, water caltrop. As for fish, species include Zacco platypus (Oikawa), Black bass, Carassius auratus langsdorfii and Oryzias latipes. A rare dragonfly, Libellula angelina is found, leading to the pond&#39;s selection as a Ramsar Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago, there were groups of lava domes, 4 km from east to west and 7 km from north to south. The centre of the domes was depressed forming a caldera. The lava dome formed Iimori-yama. The depression collected water and Imuta-ike was formed.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the Taishō era (1912–1926), Imuta-ike was known for the growth of common rushes (Juncus effusus), the raw material for tatami mats. In autumn, villagers used to cut and bundle rushes. Between 1741 and 1763, a 380-meter tunnel water lane was made at the eastern end of the pond, and 15 hectares of rice fields were made. In 1953, Imuta-ike was made a Prefectural Natural Park.</p><br>
<p>The house at 36 Forest Street, sometimes called the Burton House in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is a wooden Shingle Style structure built in the late 19th century and largely intact today. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was built on land that had been transferred to a local insurance company by developers of the surrounding affluent Nook Farm neighborhood. They had been unable to make their mortgage payments, and so the lot was subdivided from one of their own properties. Later it was sold to one of the wealthy families that first settled the Asylum Hill neighborhood of Hartford. Most of the other houses from that time on Forest Street have been demolished to clear the way for newer construction, primarily apartment buildings. It is one of the few 19th-century houses left on the street. Currently it is rented out as apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the east side of the street, roughly 500 ft north of the intersection with Hawthorn Street and a thousand feet north of the onramps over Forest from West Boulevard to the Interstate 84/USA Route 6 freeway. The house of Uncle Toms Cabin author Harriet Beecher Stowe, also listed on the Register, is a similar distance to the north along the east side of Forest. Mark Twains house for much of his later life, now a National Historic Landmark, is on the main street of the area, Farmington Avenue, two blocks away in the area now designated the Nook Farm and Woodland Street District.</p><br>
<p>Between 36 Forest and the Beecher Stowe House are modern three-story brick apartment buildings, similar to those south of the house. Hartford Public High School is across the street. Behind the house are parking lots and more brick apartment buildings, with other houses to the northeast and southeast. The latter is the home of suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker and her husband John, another Register property in the area.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half–story shingle-sided wood frame house on a brick foundation. Its main block is a four-by-two-bay section with a gambrel roof intersected with a similar section projecting to the east (rear). A cross-gabled section intersects at the north end. Around the southeast corner is a porch sheltered by a shed roof with gabled portico at the main entrance; a small one-story shed-roofed ell is at the center of the rear. A curved walkway with shrubs on the south, complemented by a driveway on the north, lead across the front yard to the sidewalk and street.</p><br>
<p>Fenestration is irregular due to the many asymmetrical elements of the house form. On the west (front) facade many of the windows are set with nine-over-one double-hung sash windows; the exception is a wide one-over-one south of the main entrance, looking out onto the porch, and one-over-ones in the gabled projection at the north end of the attic and the shed dormer window that pierces the center of that section of roof between the gabled projection and a gambreled dormer. An oriel window projects from the center of the second story. It has an arched window surrounded by classical detailing, a wide frieze with garlands and swag on top and brackets on the bottom. Scroll brackets support the roof on the north and south ends.</p><br>
<p>Other decoration includes corbel-styled wood supports on the northeast gabled projection and a flared course of shingles separating the first and second stories below it. Another decorative course runs along the top of the other second-story windows and between the two on the south side. Between those windows and the sills of the two in the gambreled dormer is a decorative geometric woodwork pattern, with another decorative pattern on either side of the dormer&#39;s windows upper pane. Another pattern is located in the upper field of the front portico gable, above a large wooden oval "36". Smooth square wooden columns with flared capitals support the porch roof, interrupting an iron guardrail. Below the porch floor is wooden latticework.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An 1853 house had stood on the site until it burned down in 1870. It had been the rented residence of the Rev. Nathaniel Judson Burton and his wife Rachel Pine Chase Burton. He was pastor of Hartford&#39;s Fourth Congregational Church and later Park Church until his death in 1887. After the fire the property remained vacant at least until 1885, when a map of the area shows a building at the site.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, the former Nook Farm area was one of Hartfords most desirable new neighborhoods, with a number of nationally prominent writers living within blocks of each other. Mark Twain lived on Farmington Street. Charles Dudley Warner, his coauthor on The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, a satirical novel which lent its name to the era, lived nearby. Joseph Roswell Hawley, Civil War general, former governor and later publisher of the Hartford Courant, was also in the neighborhood. John Hooker, developer of the neighborhood, and his suffragist wife, Isabella, lived in their house that stands to the southeast on Hawthorne Street. Forest Streets homes, unlike those elsewhere in the Asylum Hill neighborhood which were developed later as smaller, middle-income properties, were large and spacious.</p><br>
<p>Some sources give the date of the current houses construction as 1895. That year John Hooker and his partner, Francis Gillette, encountered difficulty in paying off the mortgage on the Nook Farm properties. Their creditor, the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, instead insisted on a 90 by lot taken from Hookers own, be conveyed to them. It was listed as the owner on next year&#39;s city atlas.</p><br>
<p>The company sold the land to A. Lyman Williston, who built the current house. Although the lot was small compared to the other Nook Farm properties, Williston was as wealthy as his neighbors, and the house he built reflects emerging tastes. Its architect is unknown, but its Queen Anne Style forms, with shingled sides, gambrel roofs, overhanging roofs and broad veranda reflect the early Shingle Style. The classical detailing shows the influence of the Free Classical mode that marked the later years of the Queen Anne Style. This prefigured the emergence of the Colonial Revival in the coming century.</p><br>
<p>A later resident of the house was the Burtons son Richard. An English professor he compiled some of his fathers lectures and sermons into a book later published as In Pulpit and Parish.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the house was acquired by another local notable, Charles Starkweather. He was a member of Hartfords City Council, Alderman for the Tenth Ward, and a superintendent of the Hartford Trust Company, later part of the Bank of New England. It has since passed through other owners. In 1963, all 11 original Nook Farm houses across the street, including Warners, were condemned and demolished for the construction of Hartford Public High School. Many of the other old houses on the east side met a similar fate when apartments were constructed.</p><br>
<p>The house at 36 Forest is thus one of the few remaining houses from the original Nook Farm development in its immediate neighborhood. At some time since the property was listed on the National Register in the early 1980s, the house was subdivided into apartments. The management firm, the Surrey Group, used the house as its offices, and had an actual surrey parked on the lawn during that time. In the late 2000s, the company moved to one of the nearby apartment buildings, also under its management, and took the surrey off the lawn.</p><br>
<p>Tell Ezou is a prehistoric, Neolithic tell, about 2 hectare in size, located between Krak des Chevaliers and Homs, in Syria.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and survey</h2><br>
<p>The site was discovered in 2004 through finds of bronze age and neolithic materials and three megalithic monuments as part of a survey by a combined project that commenced as a partnership of the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory, Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums in Syria, the Mila and Fontanals Institution of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (Barcelona) and the International Institute for Prehistoric Research in the University of Cantabria (Santander). Scientific direction was carried out jointly by Dr. Michel Al-Maqdisi (Directorate of Antiquities and Museums of Syria), Dr. Maya Haïdar Boustani (Museum Lebanese Prehistory, LSU) and Dr. Juan José Ibañez (Mila and Fontanals Institution).</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The site was badly damaged in 2007 by new work done with flattening bulldozers; only the eastern part of one tell mound remained, with another cut in two, one of the megalithic monuments had been completely destroyed in the process. Seven small soundings were taken in total, three hitting bedrock between ten and thirty centimeters, it was suggested that this could have been the result of recent demolition of the land for a plantation by a bulldozer. The four other soundings hit architectural remains.</p><br>
<p>Sounding FC82 revealed a foundation wall almost one meter wide formed by layers of basalt boulders. Similar boulders were found to the west may indicate the existence of another wall perpendicular to the first. Bronze age pottery along with a serrated sickle were found at this sounding and the walls and blocks suggested a rectangular building.</p><br>
<p>Sounding CA72 was taken in an area of 3 x 1 m where the surface layer suggested a mud wall, almost one meter wide in an east–west direction. The wall was preserved to a height of 1 cm. South of the wall was a bed of stones suggested to be a floor. This area was excavated and another floor found ten centimeters lower than the first made of large basalt stones with diameters ranging from twenty to thirty centimeters. The wall and the lower floor were suggested to be different layers of occupation, the walls for the first were not found. Beneath this, sandy black earth was found where the excavation was halted. Bronze age pottery and flint were collected and a fragment of a bronze object in the first level wall.</p><br>
<p>Sounding BQ97 excavated an area of 4 x 4 m. The surface was covered with a heap of stones which examination suggested was due to clearing of the fields for agriculture. The remains of a wall were found under this rockpile, again approximately one meter wide. This was another foundation wall following a northwest to southeast direction, formed by two layers of large blocks of basalt. The presence of two aligned blocks southwest of the wall may indicate another perpendicular to the first. Pottery recovered was dated to the bronze age and obsidian was found in this area including twelve carved pieces.</p><br>
<p>Sounding CQ87 was again a 4 x 4 m excavation which revealed a floor very near the surface that was semi-circular in shape and made of basalt stones with a diameter of approximately 10 cm. No walls were found but beneath these slabs was found another surface formed of flat tiled stones which are suggested to be two separate bronze age layers. Bronze age pottery was found along with a large number of worked flints and some obsidian. Lower still the team found another layer of architecture that they tentatively date to the neolithic, this consisted of a dirt floor bounded by three walls that had been beaten until leveled. The walls drew a rectangular plan. Some stones formed a circle in the west of the building suggested a post hole in the dirt floor. The structure seemed to be part of a rectangular house oriented in an east–west axis. The post hole was an equal distance from both long walls which are build directly on bedrock which is a natural layer of altered basalt. Neolithic pottery of this level is made by hand and is very coarse with simple straight or sometimes ovoid form and notable for its lack of decor. Three parts of a sickle were found and a fragment of an Amuq point arrowhead, showing signs of having been made hastily. One piece of obsidian was found in between the bronze age and neolithic levels.</p><br>
<h2>Analysis and conclusions</h2><br>
<p>The pottery is quite eroded and the bone is not preserved. The remains of flint evoke a very expeditious technology. There was an abundance of pieces of pressure carved obsidian that were used as tools. In addition, presence of maintenance products and splinters found with pieces indicates that this was worked on site. The relative importance of obsidian as stone tool material suggests the existence of a procurement network and distribution of this material from the Anatolian sources. Neolithic levels have been documented at the bottom of the CQ87 sounding. This has levelled architecture where part of 3 m wide rectangular house was documented, its length was not determined. A layer of stones was found at the base of wall, indoor clay floors and a possible post hole. The archaeological material of this level has some similarities to those of Al Wakara 1 (H122) and Wadi Qawyak (H130), located in the basalt plain further east.</p><br>
<h2>Site conservation and potential demolition</h2><br>
<p>Tell Ezou is located in a basaltic region with road access from Khirbat Al Hamam, where a well-preserved Bronze Age and neolithic site awaits a more extensive excavation. It is difficult to classify or schedule as a monument and is situated on private land. The owners were very understanding and the team very well received by the locals during their surveys. They, however, expressed their interest to turn the archaeological site into an olive plantation or wheat field. This may be his choice but he will have to clear the ancient blocks of basalt left over from prehistory, an obvious risk to the site, but at least Doctor Boustani&#39;s team has recorded something here for local, regional and global heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Lazarev Sea was a proposed name for a marginal sea of the Southern Ocean. It would be bordered by two proposals from a 2002 International Hydrographic Organization  draft, a King Haakon VII Sea to the west and a Riiser-Larsen Sea to the east, or between the Prime Meridian of 0°0&#39; and 14°E. It would stretch over an area of 929,000 km².</p><br>
<p>The Lazarev Sea was named in 1962 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in honor of Russian admiral Mikhail Lazarev (1788–1851), who discovered the Antarctic mainland with Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820. The 2002 IHO draft was never approved by the IHO (or any other organization), and the 1953 IHO document (which does not contain this name) remains currently in force. Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use the name, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the United States&#39; National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the British Times Atlas of the World. But Soviet and Russian-state maps do.</p><br>
<p>The prevailing depth of waters here is 3000 meters, and the maximum depth exceeds 4500 meters. It stretches over an area of 929,000 km².</p><br>
<p>To the south of Lazarev Sea lies Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land.</p><br>
<p>Grand Forks Mercantile Building is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2004. Built in 1898, the building includes Early Commercial architecture. Though there is no official architect on file, the style of the building and the year in which it was built indicate that it could be the work of John W. Ross.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 112–118 N Third Street in Grand Forks. Another building, at 124 N 3rd Street, named the Grand Forks Mercantile Co., was built in 1893 and is also listed on the NRHP. Although both buildings are within the Downtown Grand Forks area, only the 1893 one was identified for NRHP listing in an 1981 study of the area. The 1893 one was listed on the NRHP in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ejagham is a small lake near Eyumodjock in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Unlike many other lakes in the region, it is not a volcanic lake, but is likely a solution basin formed by groundwater during the last Ice Age. The outflow is impassable to most fishes because of a waterfall.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Despite its very small size, it supports 7 endemic species of tilapiine cichlid fishes (Coptodon deckerti, C. ejagham, C. fusiforme, C. nigrans, Sarotherodon lamprechti, and S. knauerae). Of these, 6 were only scientifically described in 2010 and 2011, and have therefore not been rated by the IUCN, but they likely face the same threats as C. deckerti (the single older species that has been rated by the IUCN).</p><br>
<p>Neumann, D., Stiassny, M. L. J, & Schliewen, U. K. (2011). Two new sympatric Sarotherodon species (Pisces: Cichlidae) endemic to Lake Ejagham, Cameroon, west-central Africa, with comments on the Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex. Zootaxa 2765: 1–20 C. deckerti is considered critically endangered due to pollution and sedimentation from human activities. It could also be threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake&#39;s bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although Ejagham is too shallow to contain very high amounts of this gas. A species of catfish from the genus Parauchenoglanis has been introduced to the lake, and this probably presents a serious threat to the endemic cichlids.</p><br>
<p>The Ejagham cichlids are commonly considered a prime example of sympatric speciation within its two genera. Studies indicate a level of secondary gene flow between the lake&#39;s species and relatives from nearby regions, and this likely facilitated the speciation (i.e., the Ejagham species not strictly the result of sympatric speciation).</p><br>
<p>The Riiser-Larsen Sea is a marginal sea in the Southern Ocean. It is bordered by the Lazarev Sea to the west and the Cosmonauts Sea to the east, or between 14°E and 30°E. Its northern border is defined to be the 65th parallel south. The name, proposed by the Soviet Union, was never officially approved by the International Hydrographic Organization .</p><br>
<p>The Riiser-Larsen Sea was named in 1962 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in honor of Norwegian aviation pioneer and polar explorer Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (1890–1965). The IHO 2002 draft was never approved by the IHO (or any other organization), and the 1953 IHO document (which does not contain the name) remains currently in force. Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use the name, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the United States&#39; National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the British Times Atlas of the World. But Soviet and Russian-issued maps do.</p><br>
<p>Depths exceed 3,000 meters in most of the waters here. The area is covered with drifting ice almost year-round. It would stretch over an area of 1,138,000 km². There are many icebergs.</p><br>
<p>To the south of this area lies the Princess Astrid Coast and Princess Ragnhild Coast of Queen Maud Land. In the western part is the Lazarev Ice Shelf, and further east are Erskine Iceport and Godel Iceport, and the former Belgian Roi-Baudouin Station.</p><br>
<p>The Main Hall is a historic building located on the campus of Randolph College in Lynchburg, Virginia. It was built between 1891 and 1911, and is a large Queen Anne style brick building complex. The central entrance tower and eastern wings were constructed between 1891-1893. Two additional wings were added to the west in 1896. With the erection of a wing to the west in 1899, the building was completed according to the original plan. In 1911 an annex was added to the rear of the entrance pavilion. Further additions and renovations were made to the north elevation in 1936. Its most distinctive features is the central entrance tower with a front portico and topped by a parapet wall and capped by a classically inspired wooden cupola, crowned by a finial.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Columbia Club is a private club located on Monument Circle in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The current structure was built in 1925 as the club&#39;s third home on the same site.</p><br>
<h2>Club history</h2><br>
<p>The Columbia Club was originally formed in 1889 by a group of prominent local Republicans as the Harrison Marching Society in an effort to support the presidential campaign of Benjamin Harrison. After the election, the Society acquired a clubhouse on Monument Circle and changed its name to the Columbia Club to continue operation as a private club. Quickly growing its membership, the Club evolved into the premier private club in Indianapolis. The Club is no longer partisan and now numbers in its ranks a great many Democrats and members of other parties. According to the Club, the founders of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (home of the Indianapolis 500) met there to discuss its construction. In 1984, secret meetings were held there to negotiate the move of the Baltimore Colts to Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>The Club has hosted every Republican president since Benjamin Harrison while in office or as a candidate and serves as temporary living quarters for many Indiana state legislators during the legislative session. In addition to the thousands of business leaders and politicians who have been members, the Club has also included many artists and musicians including Hoagy Carmichael and T.C. Steele. It is located in the Washington Street-Monument Circle Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The current home of the Columbia Club was built on Monument Circle in 1925 by famed local architecture firm Rubush & Hunter. The Club razed their five-story home built in 1898 for the current ten-story structure to accommodate their growing membership and popularity. A smaller club had existed on the site from 1889 to 1898. As one of the most prominent and architecturally significant buildings in downtown Indianapolis, the Columbia Club was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The Columbia Club showcases many hallmarks of the Gothic Revival style, including a multi-story oriel window, as well as Tudor influences seen in the window arches. The building also features relief panels carved in Indiana Limestone by Alexander Sangernebo, who made limestone carvings for other historic buildings on Monument Circle.</p><br>
<p>Inside the Columbia Club are numerous works of Hoosier art and historic artifact, including items from the Benjamin Harrison presidential campaign and part of the Lincoln family china collection. After a 2004 acquisition of paintings from longtime friendly rival, the Indianapolis Athletic Club, the Columbia Club added to its existing collection and now boasts a particularly large gallery of works by members of the Hoosier Group of painters, including T.C. Steele. According to Club lore, Steele would at times pay for his membership dues with paintings.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage Home Historic District  is a historic district and neighborhood located on the near east side of Indianapolis, Indiana. A small portion of Cottage Home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places while a larger area is listed on the state and local levels. Known for its preponderance of "cottage-style" homes built with strong Victorian influences, Cottage Home has historically been a working class neighborhood. Numerous industrial buildings are also scattered throughout the district, providing a base of economic activity. Today, however, many of these buildings are vacant, providing a special challenge to preservation and urban renewal efforts.</p><br>
<p>After a period of urban decay in the 1960s and 70s, common to inner city neighborhoods in Indianapolis, Cottage Home has since stemmed the loss of historic buildings and is now home to a flourishing and diverse community. Key to the areas improvement was the establishment of the Cottage Home Neighborhood Association (CHNA) in 1984, whose efforts halted the razing of residential properties by local businesses, and a renewed interest in restoring the areas homes. The Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store are the most architecturally significant buildings in the district, anchoring the districts addition to the National Register in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cottage Home is located on the near east side of Indianapolis. The neighborhood is bordered to the west by the Chatham Arch & Massachusetts Avenue Historic District, to the north by the Windsor Park neighborhood, to the east by Arsenal Technical High School and the Woodruff Place Historic District and to the south by the Holy Cross neighborhood. Most of the district is built on a traditional grid plan, broken up by Pogue&#39;s Run cutting across the southeast portion.</p><br>
<h3>National Register boundaries</h3><br>
<p>The originally drawn boundaries of the Cottage Home Historic District, still the current boundaries of the National Register district, are much smaller than the state and locally designated boundaries. Comprising the 700 block of Dorman Street, 1102 to 1130 East St. Clair Street and 802 and 806 North Highland Avenue, 23 properties are included in the National Register district. Anchored by the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store, these boundaries also include the Vonnegut & Bohn doubles and sixteen other houses. This area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1990.</p><br>
<h3>State and local boundaries</h3><br>
<p>Cottage Home received designation as a historic district at the state level on the Indiana Register of Historic Sites and Structures in 1995 with expanded boundaries. In 2008, the neighborhood worked with the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission to develop a conservation plan and became a locally designated Conservation District, following the boundaries of the state listing. The Cottage Home Conservation District is bounded by a CSX right-of-way between I-70/I-65 and Dorman Street to the west, 10th Street to the north, Oriental Street to the east, and Michigan Street to the south. As the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store had already been designated locally by the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission, the local boundaries do not include those two properties, while the state boundaries do. Including the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store, Cottage Home contains 320 parcels and 292 buildings, over half of which are residential.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to development as an Indianapolis neighborhood, the area now known as Cottage Home was part of two farms owned by prominent Indiana citizens. The land south of St. Clair Street belonged to Noah Noble, fifth Governor of Indiana who bankrupted the State with the passage of the Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act. The land north of St. Clair Street belonged to Robert Hanna, who was a member of the Indiana constitutional convention and succeeded Nobles brother James as USA Senator upon Jamess death in 1831. After the railroad reached Indianapolis in 1847, the resulting economic boom pushed the citys boundaries out beyond the Mile Square. By the end of the Civil War, the arsenal, which would later be adapted for use as Arsenal Technical High School, was built on the eastern border of Cottage Home and the streetcar reached St. Clair Street just a few blocks to the west, providing access to jobs for the areas residents. The Noble farm was platted in 1865 and the Hanna farm in 1868, and both additions were annexed to the City of Indianapolis in 1870.</p><br>
<p>After annexation, Cottage Home experienced strong growth in housing. Almost 400 households were located in the area by 1900, nearly three-quarters of which were being rented. Initially, most of the residents of Cottage Home were immigrant families or African American, though that percentage steadily declined into the twentieth century. This strong growth in housing and population was accompanied by an expansion in the commercial and industrial sectors, due to the neighborhood&#39;s proximity to the railroad and streetcar. By 1915, new construction largely ended, and the architectural character of the area was established.</p><br>
<p>Indianapolis continued to experience strong growth through the 1960s and 70s, but the population of Cottage Home and other inner-city neighborhoods was reduced by migration to the suburbs in the process of urban sprawl. As Cottage Home was within the flood zone of Pogues Run, residents began to leave for other areas. In addition, I-70/I-65s construction required demolishing homes on the west side of the neighborhood, leaving it bordered with a high-traffic roadway. By the 1980s, more than 100 houses had been demolished in Cottage Home. A renewed interest in historic restoration and the establishment of the Cottage Home Neighborhood Association (CHNA) in 1984 reversed the demolition trend; the area has since lost only six homes to fire or demolition. CHNA led the effort for the unique neighborhood to be designated as a historic district, achieving addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the State Register in 1995, and city designation in 2008. Today, while infill has been slow, the neighborhood continues as a vibrant and active community.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Cottage Home derives its name from a subdivision in the northern part of the neighborhood. It is also the predominant form of architecture in the district, Queen Anne and Folk Victorian-style cottages. All historic residential properties fall under these styles, with the notable exception of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house, which combines Romanesque Revival features with Queen Anne architecture. Commercial and industrial buildings in the district were usually built either in the Italianate tradition or the Art Deco style, depending on their age.</p><br>
<p>Residences in Cottage Home are typified by spindlework porches, turned posts, gable ornaments, variegated and fishscale shingling and gingerbread trim, features often found in Queen Anne and Folk Victorian homes. These types of detailing were placed on simple folk homes as an inexpensive way to provide varied design and personalization. This practice was common in Victorian-era working-class neighborhoods such as Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h2>Notable features</h2><br>
<p>As a working-class neighborhood, Cottage Home comprises primarily modest residential designs, with the notable exception of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house. A rich history as a thriving Indianapolis neighborhood, however, gives the district additional significance. Below are a few of the most notable properties and features of Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h3>Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and Store</h3><br>
<p>The architectural focal point of Cottage Home, the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and Store were both built by Frederick Ruskaup. Ruskaup was a German immigrant who came to the United States in 1869 at the age of 25. By 1875, he purchased two lots on Dorman Street in present-day Cottage Home. At 713 Dorman Street, he opened a grocery store and the Ruskaup family lived upstairs. He added as L-shaped addition to the north and east of the store in 1885. The success of his grocery store and many rental properties allowed Ruskaup in 1892 to hire the prominent Indianapolis architecture firm Vonnegut & Bohn to design a house for his family next door at 711 Dorman Street. Descendants of Frederick Ruskaup lived at the house and operated the store until 1957, when it was sold to the Ratcliffe sisters. The properties were sold again in the 1980s to their current owner. The house has been restored and the store has had extensive facade improvements.</p><br>
<p>The Ruskaup grocery store was built in the Italianate style, common to Midwestern buildings in the 1870s. Attic windows and decorative brackets in the cornice line give the store detail accentuating the first-floor stone pilasters and second-story window hoods.</p><br>
<p>The architects combined Romanesque Revival details with Queen Anne architecture to create a unique style for the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House. As Romanesque Revival drew inspiration from traditional German architecture, it was popular among German immigrants such as Frederick Ruskaup. Vonnegut & Bohn, ethnic German Americans, drew from German influences, as evidenced by their later masterpiece, the Athenæum (Das Deutsche Haus). In contrast to the neighboring store, and reflective of the houses being constructed on Dorman Street, the architects drew on the mainstream Queen Anne style for the basic massing of the house. This is shown in the asymmetrical facade, with a wrap-around porch and tower. The Romanesque Revival is expressed in the varied window sizes, stone detailing in the cornice and window hoods, and a stepped front gable. The interior is equally impressive, featuring inlaid floors and a cartouche above the entryways to the stairwell and dining room, all trademarks of Vonnegut & Bohn designs. The original imported stained glass windows were removed from the house in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles, 702-720 Dorman Street</h3><br>
<p>Another legacy of Frederick Ruskaup, the series of duplexes known as the Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles provide great historic and architectural significance to the National Register district and neighborhood as a whole. In 1888, Ruskaup&#39;s business success prompted him to build a series of several duplexes as rental properties. Most of the doubles, as well as two cottages in the 700 block of Dorman Street burned to the ground in October 1890. Ruskaup quickly rebuilt, including brick fire walls in the three southern-most doubles across from his grocery store and future house.</p><br>
<p>The architecture firm of Vonnegut & Bohn was hired to design the houses, who Ruskaup later hired to build his own house. However, in contrast to the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House and other Vonnegut & Bohn buildings, these duplexes possess a more mainstream Italianate appearance. Symmetrical facades, hipped roofs, and full-length, gabled spindlework porches are common to the Queen Anne style and all five duplexes.</p><br>
<p>The Vonnegut & Bohn Doubles are also notable, along with the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe House, as the oldest extant Vonnegut & Bohn-designed residences in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<h3>Dorman Street Saloon, 901 Dorman Street</h3><br>
<p>While architecturally plain, the Dorman Street Saloon has long played an important role in the lives of Cottage Home residents. The corner structure was originally built as a house in the early 1870s. Operating as a grocery in the 1910s, the business became a bar in the late 1910s. After the end of Prohibition, it was known as Anackers 9th Street Tavern, The Mahogany Bar (still knicknamed "The Hog"), and Mays Lounge, the Dorman Street Saloon has served for years as a popular neighborhood meeting place. A popular rumor claims that infamous criminal John Dillinger frequented the Dorman Street Saloon while preparing for his heist of the Massachusetts Avenue State Bank, only a couple blocks away.</p><br>
<h3>Kroger Grocery & Bakery Company Building</h3><br>
<p>At 200,000 ft&sup2, the Kroger Grocery & Bakery Company Building is easily the largest building in Cottage Home.</p><br>
<h3>Sidewalks and curbs</h3><br>
<p>When Cottage Home was built, high-quality brick sidewalks and limestone curbs lined the streets. Today, some of these sidewalks and curbs remain and are cherished by the neighborhood as important features of the historic district. Brick sidewalks remain on portions of Highland Avenue and Dorman Street, including in front of the Ruskaup-Ratcliffe house and store. Stone curbs can still be found on portions of Highland Avenue, Dorman Street, Stillwell Street, and Oriental Street.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>The Cottage Home Neighborhood Association has sponsored an annual block party since 1984, which has several times been named the best block party of Indianapolis by local alt weekly NUVO. Cottage Home also participates in Near East Side Community Organization (NESCO), a coalition of near east side Indianapolis neighborhoods and not-for-profits promoting community development. Residents of Cottage Home are within the bounds of Indianapolis Public Schools, attending Washington Irving Elementary School, Emma Donnan Middle School, and Arsenal Technical High School.</p><br>
<p>Tula Kremlin  is a fortress in Tula, Russia. Monument of the 16th century.</p><br>
<p>There are 2 Cathedrals inside the Kremlin:</p><br>
<p>Assumption Cathedral (1762-1766)</p><br>
<p>Epiphany Cathedral (1855-1863)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1507 Vasily III gave the order to construct an oak fortress in Tula on the left bank of the Upa River. In 1514 in an oak fortress, like in the Moscow Kremlin, Vasily III issued an order to construct the "stone city", built in 1520 (1521).</p><br>
<p>In 1552, was besieged by the Crimean khan Devlet I Giray. At that time, Tsar Ivan IV was with campaign against Kazan. Urban population fought before the arrival of reinforcements from the tsar&#39;s army from Kolomna. In memory of these events in the Tula Kremlin has been established the foundation stone near the Tower of Ivanovskie Gate.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the 16th century, around the stone Kremlin was created Posad - a wooden fortress that more than ten times more the size of the stone Kremlin. This area at the time was the boundary of Tula.</p><br>
<p>In 1605 bell informed the residents about the arrival of the False Dmitry I and Tula for two weeks turned into pseudo capital of Moscow State. It was here in the Kremlin, came to swear allegiance to the pretender boyars and nobles.</p><br>
<p>In 1607, during the Peasants&#39; War, the Tula Kremlin became the refuge for Ivan Bolotnikov. Together with people loyal to him, he kept the Kremlin by his control for four months.</p><br>
<p>In 1608 in the Tula Kremlin by Tsar Vasily Shuisky were besieged the leaders of the peasant movement - Ivan Bolotnikov and Ileyko Muromets. Kremlin stand very long siege but was taken due creation a dam of the bags to the ground on Upa River. Water from the river flooded the Kremlin, and the rebels surrendered. In memory of these events in 1953 in the Tula Kremlin was erected an obelisk.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of 17th century Kremlin completely left its significance.</p><br>
<p>After the reunification of left-bank Ukraine and Russia in the middle of the 17th century, Kremlin completely lost its importance in the time of Peter the fortresses in the registers are no longer covered.</p><br>
<p>Repair work in the Kremlin carried out at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, in 1930 the walls of the Kremlin removed all the dilapidated buildings in the 1950s had a partial renovation, and in mid-1960 was conducted complex complete scientific restoration in order to restore the original appearance of the Kremlin.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 a charitable foundation was created named "Tula Kremlin" which has 1648 benefactors, to transfer money for the restoration of the Kremlin. In the same year at the expense of the charity fund held drainage from tower to tower Odoevskogo water gate. In 2013, work was done to restore and improve the shopping malls, installed a new marquee Naugolnykh tower restored battlements on the wall between Nikita and Ivanovo towers. At the same time the fund restored the Assumption Cathedral, whose facade has got a gray color, and the domes covered with gold leaf. From 2012 to 2014 the Kremlin was under large-scale reconstruction of the walls, and from the territory has been bred plant, located there since the beginning of the 20th century. From 2012 to 2014 in the Kremlin saw the reconstruction of the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral, which was destroyed in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Since 2014 it conducted the reconstruction of the former substation, which included in the museum complex (the atrium), which consists of four exhibition halls: Museum of Military History Tula Oblast, Folk Art Museum, Tula region, Tula samovars and Museum and Museum of the History stick Tula Kremlin. The complex includes a room which hosts temporary exhibitions, and conduct forums, meetings and conferences.</p><br>
<h2>Towers</h2><br>
<p>Spasskaya Tower</p><br>
<p>Tower of Odoevsky Gate</p><br>
<p>Nikitinskaya Tower</p><br>
<p>Tower of Ivanosky Gate</p><br>
<p>Ivanovskaya Tower</p><br>
<p>Tower Na Pogrebu</p><br>
<p>Tower of Water Gate</p><br>
<p>Naugolnaya Tower</p><br>
<p>Tower of Pyatnitsky Gate</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Garraf Massif  is a mountain range of the Catalan Coastal Range, Catalonia, Spain. Its cliffs reach the Mediterranean waters. Its highest point on the coastal side is La Morella, 593 metres above sea level and further inland rises the higher, although less conspicuous, Montau .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Garraf Massif gives its name to the Garraf comarca, as well as to the little seashore village of Garraf. It is located south of Barcelona, between the coastal towns of Castelldefels and Sitges. highways C-31 and C-32, as well as the RENFE Barcelona-Valencia railway line go through the shoreline side of the Garraf Massif. The small town of Olivella, Plana Novella with its Buddhist monastery, as well as the abandoned village of Jafra are located in the middle of the massif, in the Natural Park area.</p><br>
<p>This coastal calcareous mountain range is sparsely wooded, and has many rocky denuded areas. The main vegetation is maquis shrubland and the Mediterranean Fan Palm is an endemic species of these mountains. It has over 400 karstic shafts and caves, including La Falconera, a very large cave with an underground lake that is now heavily polluted.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Despite having been declared a Protected Area by the Catalan Government, there are many seriously degraded areas throughout the massif. These include quarries and vast rubbish dumps that are very active and keep degrading the mountains and polluting their karstic underground lakes and rivers. Over 23 million tons of garbage have accumulated in the Vall d&#39;en Joan landfill only.</p><br>
<p>Urbanization has covered different zones of the range, especially in locations close to Sitges, as well as on the Castelldefels side. There the mountain sides are covered with mostly bungalows or small houses, especially in the seafront areas.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Forks Riverside Neighborhood Historic District is a 112 acre historic district in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>According to The Herald, citing Peg O&#39;Leary, coordinator of the Grand Forks Historic Preservation Commission:</p><br>
<p>The Riverside area is significant for its “mechanics cottages,” working-class homes with simple yet distinctive designs built in the 20s and 30s, OLeary said, and for some homes of early residents dating back as far as the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>About 70 percent of private homes in the Riverside area - which stretches from near Seward Avenue north through Riverside Park and from North Third Street east to the Red River - are listed as “contributing elements” in the historic registry, as are the Riverside Pool and the park itself, O&#39;Leary said.</p><br>
<p>Many homes in that area were lost during the 1997 flood, O&#39;Leary said, but the remaining homes were sufficient to win the neighborhood the coveted federal status. The designation also comes with some requirements if the city uses federal money in the neighborhood, she said."</p><br>
<p>It is the third historic district designated in Grand Forks (the others are the Downtown Grand Forks Historic District and the Grand Forks Near Southside Historic District).The district includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements architecture.</p><br>
<p>When listed, the district included 116 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and one contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Also included are 54 non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Gatcombe at Ashton Watering within the civil parish of Long Ashton, Somerset, England, is the location of a Grade II* listed building which was built on the site of a Roman settlement.</p><br>
<p>It is close to the Land Yeo river, the A370 road and the Bristol to Exeter railway line.</p><br>
<h2>Roman settlement</h2><br>
<p>Roman remains were first identified at the site in 1839 when a railway cutting was being constructed. Excavations in the 1960s showed that the site was occupied from the middle of the 1st century until at least the fifth century, demonstrated by the coins of Theodosius, Magnus Maximus and Arcadius which have been found. The full extent of the site is unclear, beyond a specific villa but there is some evidence that the site is much more extensive, possibly forming a village or even a town. It has been speculated that this may be the site of Iscalis as described by Ptolemy,</p><br>
<p>The Roman site had a 15 ft wide wall around it, A 60 ft deep well has also been uncovered.</p><br>
<p>At least nineteen agricultural buildings have been identified within the enclosure. In addition one building at the southern end of the site included a colonnade and mosaic and other features suggesting it was a sizeable Roman villa. A magnetometry survey conducted during 2009 and 2010 identified several likely buildings outside the enclosed area.</p><br>
<p>The site was connected to Abbots Leigh by a Roman road.</p><br>
<h2>Current building</h2><br>
<p>Gatcombe Court was built in the late 14th century, based on a solar built by John de Gatcombe before 1254. The house was further altered in the late 17th century and again in the 20th century. The two-storey house has tiled roofs with attics into two steep gables.</p><br>
<p>The garden includes a yew hedge which is believed to be 400 years old and a recently added Roman herb garden designed by Jekka McVicar. The internal machinery is still in place and the mill has been designated as a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>It was the family home of the Somerset Cricketer Osbert Mordaunt and then the family of Charles Clarke, of the Bristol law firm Osborne Clarke. It is now home to Stella Clarke.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century a farmhouse was built on the site. This was altered in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Solar Building, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was the world&#39;s first commercial building to be heated primarily by solar energy. It was built in 1956 to house the engineering firm of Frank Bridgers and Donald Paxton, who were responsible for the heating system design. The novel building received writeups in Life and Popular Mechanics and was the subject of an NSF-funded research project in the 1970s. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bridgers and Paxton came up with the idea for an experimental solar-heated building in the early 1950s. After two years of design work, the Solar Building was constructed between March and August 1956 for a cost of $58,500. The heating system operated successfully for six years but was nevertheless converted to a conventional boiler system when the building was expanded in 1962. However, the 1973 oil crisis caused a renewed interest in solar energy and brought fresh attention to the Solar Building. In early 1974, Penn State researcher Stanley Gilman received an NSF grant to restore the building&#39;s solar heating system and operate it as part of a multi-year field study. The system was deactivated following the conclusion of the project but remains mostly intact.</p><br>
<h2>Heating system</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s active solar heating system employed an 800 ft&sup2; collector array on the south wall of the building, which was angled at 30 degrees to the vertical to catch the maximum amount of winter sunlight. Hot water from the collectors fed a 6,000-gallon insulated tank, which provided a reserve for nights and cloudy periods. Under normal conditions the water in the tank would be sufficiently warm to directly heat the building, but if the temperature in the tank dropped (e.g. due to prolonged cloudy weather), a heat pump could be employed to extract the remaining useful heat from the water stream.</p><br>
<p>Gilman made several modifications to the system in the 1970s, including automating the control system, changing the working fluid in the collector loop to ethylene glycol, and retrofitting the collector panels for better thermal contact.</p><br>
<p>Wigtown Bay is a large inlet of the Irish Sea on the coast of Galloway in southwest Scotland. Its coastline falls entirely within the modern administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway though historically it was shared between Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire.</p><br>
<p>The bay is broadly triangular in form, widening to the southeast and with the estuary of the River Cree entering from the northwest at its head. The inner parts of the bay are characterized by large expanses of salt marsh and mudflats. The River Bladnoch flows into the estuarial section of the Cree near Wigtown. The Water of Fleet is a third significant river which enters Wigtown Bay via Fleet Bay on its eastern shore. At the mouth of Fleet Bay are the Islands of Fleet include Ardwall Island, Barlocco Isle and Murray’s Isles. The western shore of the bay is formed by The Machars peninsula. This coast is itself indented by Rigg (or Cruggleton) Bay and by Garlieston Bay on which the village of Garlieston sits. The small town of Wigtown also stands on the western shore of the bay whilst the village of Creetown lies at the head of the bay.</p><br>
<p>Wigtown Bay forms the largest local nature reserve in Britain. It has also been designated as a site of special scientific interest.</p><br>
<p>A proposal to construct an offshore windfarm in Wigtown Bay was turned down by the Scottish government in early 2011. The potential effect on tourism was cited as a major reason in the decision.</p><br>
<p>As of 2014, Wigtown Bay is currently under threat from another industrial turbine project, this time by Ecotricity. An application for a met mast was overturned by Dumfries and Galloway Council in August (At the Planning Applications Committee meeting on 27 August 2014 a petition with over 250 signatures of people from The Machars objecting to the met mast was also tabled), but the renewable energy company have appealed directly to the Scottish Government. Should the met mast be erected, it will be a precursor to a 7 x 110m tip height wind turbine site overlooking the bay. This development is called California.</p><br>
<p>Almost 180 submissions from members of the public were made to the Scottish Government (DPEA) about the proposed met mast. Not one, was in favour.</p><br>
<p>On 4 November 2014, Ecotricity, submitted a Proposal of Application Notice for 7 x 110m turbines (California) to Dumfries and Galloway Council.</p><br>
<p>A public meeting was held at the Wigtown County Buildings on Tuesday 16 December 2014. Ecotricity declined to attend, although they decided to hold an invitee only Community Liaison Group at the same venue on the 18th December - a date which Save Wigtown Bay offered them as a choice of three dates to attend the public meeting initially.</p><br>
<p>On 20 February 2015, Ecotricity submitted a full planning application to Dumfries and Galloway Council, this, despite not receiving a decision on its met mast appeal from the Scottish government.</p><br>
<p>On 9 April 2015, Ecotricity&#39;s appeal was successful.</p><br>
<p>On 10 April 2015, the deadline to object to California (15/P/2/0053) passed. Nearly 1300 individual objections were logged. 6 community councils have also opposed the plans.</p><br>
<p>Historic Scotland officially object to California on 30 April 2015.</p><br>
<p>A Dumfries and Galloway Council planning determination deadline for California has now been set at the 31 October. As at 28 November 2015, a decision is yet to be made.</p><br>
<p>On the 29th January 2016 Ecotricity lodged a direct planning Appeal with the Scottish Government DPEA for California. (PPA-170-2107). They have done this before the elected representatives on the Dumfries and Galloway Council Planning Applications Committee, have made its decision on the proposed turbine site.</p><br>
<p>A DPEA decision on the California industrial turbine site will be made by 16 June 2016.</p><br>
<p>On the 19 July 2016 Ecotricity&#39;s appeal was dismissed.</p><br>
<h2>Naval connections</h2><br>
<p>The design of the floating Mulberry Harbour used in the successful invasion of Normandy by allied forces during the Second World War was tested in the bay where conditions were felt to be suitably similar to those of the Normandy coast. There was also a World War II Bay class frigate named Wigtown Bay</p><br>
<p>The Subansiri River is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The Subansiri is 442 km long, with a drainage basin 32,640 km&sup2; large. The Subansiri is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra. Its maximum observed discharge was 18,799 m3/s, and its minimum 131 m3/s. It contributes 7.92% of the Brahmaputra&#39;s total flow.</p><br>
<p>The Subansiri River originates in the Himalayas, in China. It flows east and southeast into India, then south to the Assam Valley, where it joins the Brahmaputra River in Lakhimpur district.</p><br>
<h2>Lower Subansiri Dam</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Subansiri Dam or The Lower Subansiri Hydro-Electric Project is an under construction dam gravity dam on the river. The dam is seen as a problem and many organisations are protesting against it. The River is a fiction book based on the issue and displays the issue as viewed by common Assamese people through its imaginary dolphins, fishes, and human characters.</p><br>
<p>The Skinner Building is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, considered to be one of the best examples of Art Deco architecture in the city. Originally a grocery store owned by J.A. Skinner, it was designed by local architect A.W. Boehning and built in 1931. The building is of brick construction, with a street facade of white terra cotta tile on the north and west sides. Its exterior features a variety of decorative details including fluted towers, grill work, stained glass, and geometric patterns. The Skinner Building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>A controversial balcony was added to the building in 2001 after being narrowly approved by the city Landmarks and Urban Conservation Commission, with one commissioner resigning in protest over the decision. As required by the city, the balcony is freestanding and does not actually touch the building.</p><br>
<p>The Waingaro River is a river of the Waikato region of New Zealand&#39;s North Island. It flows generally southwest from its origins west of Ngaruawahia to reach a northern arm of Raglan Harbour . Its main tributary is Kahuhuru Stream, which Highway 22 follows for several kilometres. Tributaries total about 170 km.</p><br>
<p>The Waingaro River is one of the largest sources of sediment in Whaingaroa Harbour, partly because it is 99 percent unfenced.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The lower river flows over Puaroan age (about 150 million years ago), blue-grey Puti siltstone.</p><br>
<p>Waingaro Hot Spring was closed in 2014, until improvements were made and it reopened in 2016. It has dilute alkaline NaCl-type (salty), 37 to 54 C, thermal water flowing from early Jurassic basement rocks at about 350 l per minute, probably originating at least 3 km deep.</p><br>
<p>In 1921 this description was given:</p><br>
<p>Waingaro/ on the coach-road from Ngaruawhahia to the west coast, has waters of the most strictly simple thermal type, containing only 22 grains of solids to the gallon. It is not a spa, though it is used locally and had at one time a great reputation among the Maoris. The outflow of water is very large and the temperature high. There is a large simple immersion bath, with hotel accommodation alongside.</p><br>
<p>ANALYSIS Grains per gallon.</p><br>
<p>In 1942 a corrugated iron shelter, which had covered the spring on the north side of the road, was swept away by a flood. After that the hot water was piped under the road and the present complex of baths built.</p><br>
<h2>Waingaro Landing</h2><br>
<p>The narrow, 2 km gravel road from Ohautira Rd to the boat ramp and whitebait stands at Waingaro Landing now sees little traffic, but was once much more important.</p><br>
<p>Just south of the point where the Waingaro joins the Kerikeri River, there is a record of Waingaro Landing being used by Rev A N Brown in 1834 to travel from Bay of Islands to Kawhia. Little changed for another half century.</p><br>
<p>About 1883 a Crown Grant of 1,000 acre on the banks of the Waingaro stream was taken on by M. Barton or Patene, then Mr Clarke, then by Sam Picken. Most of it was in heavy bush. Clarke had started clearing it, employing Arthur Moon and Johnnie Douglas. Picken travelled to Huntly by train, crossing the Waikato by boat, then rode on a bridle track to Glen Afton and finally on a native track through heavy bush of rimu and matai on the hills, and kahikatea on the flats. Within a year the native track had been turned into a bridle track. Picken was joined by George Richards, Arthur Shilson, Ned Edmonds, Stevens, Arthur Richards and Pyne. The Crown then built a road from Ngaruawahia to the landing. By 1893 most land had been bought, except 600 acre at the Hot Springs on a 21-year lease to Sam Wilson, who built the hotel.</p><br>
<p>Charles Sutton bought the 30 ft steam launch Vesta, which could tow a punt from Raglan to Waingaro in one hour. An experiment with the 40 ft Amateur was unsuccessful; it took 3 hours. In 1896 the Vesta was repaired and took on the work again.</p><br>
<p>For almost two decades the landing became a popular route to Raglan, when Captain Coge ran the S.S. Maori between Raglan and the landing from 1903. A coach from Ngaruawahia brought mail and passengers.</p><br>
<p>About 1903, the Ministry of Tourist and Health Resorts published these options for journeys from Auckland to Raglan:</p><br>
<p>Auckland to Ngaruawahia, 74 mi: Depart rail Auckland 10 a.m.</p><br>
<p>Arrive Ngaruawahia, 12.58 p.m. 1st class 8/10, 2nd 5/9.</p><br>
<p>Ngaruawahia to Waingaro, 16 mi. Coach departs Tuesday and Friday, 1.15 p.m. arrives 4 p.m. 6/- single, 10/- return.</p><br>
<p>Waingaro to Raglan, 9 mi. Oil launch Tuesday and Friday. 2/6 single, 4/- return.</p><br>
<p>Raglan to Onehunga 115 mi. N.S.S. (Northern Steamship) Steamer weekly. 20/- single, 30/- return. Saloon.</p><br>
<p>Onehunga to Auckland, 8 mi. Rail frequently. First I/-, 2nd 9 pence.</p><br>
<p>* Raglan to Hamilton, 35 mi. Coach M.W. and Fridays. Departs 7 a.m. Arrives 1.10 p.m.</p><br>
<p>* Hamilton to Raglan. Coach Tues., Thurs., and Saturdays. Depart Hamilton 9 a.m. Arrives 4 p.m. Single 12/-, return 20/-.</p><br>
<p>Coge soon gave up the boat service, but by 18 November 1904 the Raglan Chronicle was advertising for cargo for the launch Nita after 7 local men formed the co-operative, Raglan Launch Co, to take over, with land agent, A. R. Langley, as secretary. With Mr B. Vercoe in charge, she continued trading until a fire in March, 1909, with Frank Charlton in charge. However, the fire seems to have been extinguished and the Nita was later bought by Billy McQueen, who traded round the harbour till about 1920. From time to time the Post Office invited tenders to carry mail on the route. The County Council agreed to extend the shed and wharf in 1910, though not buy extra land for it. The work was completed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The road to the landing was still being improved in 1905, when ₤100 was allocated.</p><br>
<p>After 1920 the mail coach was replaced by a cream truck run by Bob Gibb on a Ngaruawahia-Te Akau mail run.</p><br>
<p>Lochspouts Loch  or Lochspouts was situated in a hollow, surrounded by hilly ground on three sides and bounded by a narrow trap dyke to the north. The land was once held by the Ferguson family of Kilkerran and lies in the Parish of Kirkoswald, South Ayrshire, Scotland. The loch became a reservoir in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This roughly oval-shaped loch was about three miles to the south-west of Maybole. The natural trap dike dam that held back its waters was the only possible outflow, and several crevices in this barrier allowed excess water to escape so that during times of heavy rainfall several of these spouts carried water at the same time, hence Lochspouts. The main exit was deepened to provide a water supply for a waulkmill, and this significantly lowered the level of the water, exposing the remnants of a crannog.</p><br>
<h2>The Crannog</h2><br>
<p>As stated, sometime prior to 1879 the water level was lowered and a crannog was exposed within the loch that was now reduced to around two acres only. Dr R. Munro partly excavated the site in 1880 and it was shown to be of wood, around 95 ft in internal diameter, with a raised walkway running to the shore. Mainly Roman-Iron Age date finds were discovered, along with some Medieval pottery and other artifacts. All the items found were donated to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (Acc Nos: HW 1-41), including Roman finds such as a melon bead, fragments of 2nd century Samian pottery, Romano-Celtic bronze dress-fasteners and possibly iron; other artifacts were made of stone, bone, deer horn, jet, and bronze.</p><br>
<p>About 1875 a logboat was found by Macfadzean during drainage operations on Lochspouts Farm. The boat does not survive and the exact location of the discovery and its relationship to the better-known Lochspouts crannog were not recorded.</p><br>
<h3>Usage</h3><br>
<p>James MacFadzean records in 1879 that the outflow of the loch was deepend so as to supply a greater flow to a waulkmill at nearby Knockmill. No substantial remains survive of this mill.</p><br>
<p>Reservoir construction to provide a water supply for Maybole began here in 1882 largely removing Dr Munro&#39;s excavated levels of 1880, however construction revealed finds of amber, bronze, jet. The Maybole Historical Society visited the Lochspouts site in 2003, following its partial drainage, and found only a small area of water remaining. A later visit showed higher water levels. Rumours of its future use as an infill site were current at the time. In June 2011 the reservoir was full and overflowing down the spillway.</p><br>
<p>A recorded comment on the water of the old loch is "Lochspouts is a richt for washing claes, but gie me the Weiltrees when Im drouthy". In October 1933, Lochspouts dried up and once again the townsfolk had to draw water from the towns old wells and boys went around the town selling water at fourpence per pail.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Thomson map of 1832 records Lochspouts. The 19th century Ordnance Survey maps show the site clearly. and an inflow from the two minor burns, the Pisga and the Greentop, exiting to run down to the Ghaist Glen Burn via a single burn. The 1854-9 6 inch OS map refers to the site as Lochspouts Pond.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>A possible oval-shaped cairn is situated near the Lochspouts farmhouse; measuring 9m by 7.2m and 0.5m in height.</p><br>
<p>Two stone axes are said to have been found at Lochspouts (NS 285 058) and these were donated to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland in 1978-9 by the Marquess of Ailsa.</p><br>
<p>The loch is a WEBS (Wetland Bird Survey) site.</p><br>
<p>The Palace Lodge is a historic commercial building in the small town of Winslow, Indiana, United States. Since its construction in the late nineteenth century, the building has been the location of several businesses, the meeting place for two different secret societies, and the center of the town&#39;s commercial district. It has been declared a historic site because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century, Winslow was the home of two different fraternal orders: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Seeing the benefits of coöperation, the two lodges worked together to erect a building in downtown Winslow, at the intersection of Main (now State Road 61) and Center Streets. After the building was finished in 1892, the two lodges used it jointly: their meetings were held on the first story, and they employed the second story as office space.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately for the lodges, they became encumbered by debt soon after the buildings construction, and their financial difficulties required them to sell the building in 1898. Local businessman Logan Robling purchased the property, which he converted into a general store. After his son Monroe Robling left the peddling business, the two men operated it together under the name of "L. Robling and Son." They remained in business until 1946, when they sold the property to Monroes daughter Winifred and her husband, Neil Brown; the Browns operated a grocery store on the property for thirty-five years. Both the general store and the grocery store only occupied the first floor of the building; the second floor was typically used for office space or as apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Palace Lodge is a rectangular Italianate building; its front faces west toward Main Street, and its northern side is exposed to Center Street. Two stories tall, it is 23 ft wide and 90 ft from front to back. The front and side are divided into two and six bays respectively. A distinctive portion of its plan is the northwestern corner of the building, which features a small side angled 45° from both front and side, instead of the right angle found on the other corners. Customers may enter through any of three doorways: one each in the rear and the middle of the northern side, and one through the angle in the building&#39;s northwestern corner. The building is lit by multiple sizes of windows: the first-floor windows facing Center are small and high above ground level, the second-floor windows on both sides are large, and the two first-floor windows facing Main are large and feature prominent transoms.</p><br>
<p>Although the Palace Lodge is built of brick, many of its architectural details are formed from cast iron. The original cast-iron storefront survives on the first floor of the western side of the building, as do the iron brackets that form the cornice over the western front and northwestern corner. Conversely, the northern side is entirely brick, including the cornice and the two prominent chimneys.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the lodge retains its original floor plan: the first floor is a single large room, while six rooms compose the second floor. The walls of the interior rooms are covered with plaster, their floors are a mix of oak and pine, and the interior structure rests upon large beams of oak.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>After the closure of the Brown Grocery Store, the Palace Lodge was vacant for a time, but it was purchased by a new owner who began to formulate plans to remodel it to have space both for offices and apartments as well as the traditional shop. Today, the lodge building is home to Outfitters Station, a clothing and leather goods store that was founded in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The oldest commercial structure in Winslow, the Palace Lodge is the town&#39;s best-preserved example of business blocks completed in the late nineteenth century. Because of its unusually well preserved architecture, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984; it was the first property in Pike County to be given this distinction, and it was the only such property until a similar recognition was given to the Patoka Bridges Historic District in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Oneida Street Station, also known as the East Wells Power Plant, was a power plant operated by The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company. Constructed from 1898 to 1900, it was designed by architect Herman Esser in neoclassical revival style. The building is located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the Milwaukee River and Wells Street, which was once known as Oneida Street. The company began operating electric street cars in 1890. Their expanding network of streetcar and interurban railway lines were powered by several of their own power plants. As the company generated more power than they used, they sold the excess electricity, and, as Wisconsin Energy Corporation, eventually became the major supplier of power to eastern Wisconsin. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers  describes the plant as the "first central power station in the United States to be equipped and successfully operated with pulverized coal."</p><br>
<p>From 1918 to 1920, the plant was the site of pioneering experiments into the use of pulverized coal-fired boilers. The chief engineer for the company directed experiments to determine whether pulverized coal would conserve fuel and reduced the cost of electrical power. This change was seen as controversial, and was opposed by many engineers. However, pulverized coal was determined to be much more efficient than stoker firing in the central station boilers. In addition to the change in the coal, a "water screen" was developed to reduce the temperature of the waste ash, to prevent it from fusing as slag on the floor of the boiler. Soon, boilers all over the country began using pulverized coal, due to the greater efficiency of the process. For this, the site is recognized as a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, in 1980, by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic places in 1984. However, the power plant was decommissioned and the building was renovated in 1987. The building currently houses the Patty and Jay Baker Theater Complex and the Milwaukee Repertory Theater.</p><br>
<p>Quarters One  is the former residence of the highest-ranking officer on the Rock Island Arsenal in Rock Island, Illinois on the banks of the Mississippi River. At 51 rooms and 21,965 square feet, Quarters One is the second-largest federal residence in the United States, behind the White House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Work begun on Quarters One under General Thomas S. Rodman in May 1870 and was completed in 1872 under Major Flagler. The home was built for the purpose of providing quarters for the highest-ranking officer as well as providing space for official gatherings and functions. The building was designed in the Italianate style. The first major gathering held in the residence was in 1871 for the funeral of General Rodman. Tours are offered occasionally, and the Army is currently exploring other uses for the building. In 2011, it was estimated that at least $6 million in work was needed.</p><br>
